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‚k‚d‚r‚r‚n‚m@‚Q@@Šg[iExpansionj‚Æ“]Š·iConversionj

 ø¢2-1-NT@mŒ`‘Ô‘f{Œ`‘Ô‘fŒên 
@@     ‚±‚̂悤‚ÉuŒêv‚Æ‚ÍA•¶Žš‚Ì¢ŠE‚ł̊µ—p“I‚È‹æØ‚è‚É‚·‚¬‚È‚¢B‚µ‚½‚ª‚Á
‚ÄA/‰¹/‚Ì¢ŠE‚Å•ªÍ‚·‚éꇂƂłÍA‚µ‚΂µ‚ÎA‚»‚ÌŒ`‚ªˆÙ‚È‚éB—Ⴆ‚ÎA Pike,K.
L.(p.55, ’JŒû p.80)‚É‚æ‚ê‚ÎA“K“–‚È–¬—‚ª‚ ‚é’†‚ł͑½‚­‚̃AƒƒŠƒJl˜bŽÒ‚ÍAŽŸ‚Ì
1) ‚ð 2)‚̂悤‚É”­‰¹‚·‚邯‚¢‚¤B                                 
             1)Ed had edited it.
             2) /dddddit/

@@     ‚‚܂èA/‰¹/‚É‚æ‚é”­˜b‚Ì•ªÍ‹Lq‚Í‚«‚í‚߂ĕsˆÀ’è‚Æ‚¢‚¤‚±‚ƂɂȂéB‘½‚­
‚Ì•¶–@‘‚ª/‰¹/•\‹L‚ł͂Ȃ­u•¶Žšv•\‹L‚É‚æ‚Á‚Ä‚¢‚é‚̂͂»‚Ì‚½‚߂ł ‚éB‚±‚Ì–{‚Å 
‚àA/‰¹/•\‹L‚ð‚Æ‚ç‚¸Au•¶Žšv•\‹L‚Å‹Lq‚·‚éB‚½‚¾‚µA‚±‚̂悤‚ɘb‚µŒ¾—t‚Ì/‰¹/ 
‚ðŽÌ‚ÄA‘‚«Œ¾—t‚Ìu•¶Žšv‚É‚æ‚镪͂ðŽn‚ß‚½Žž“_‚ÅA‚·‚łɃRƒ~ƒ…ƒjƒJƒeƒCƒu‚ÈŽ‹
“_‚É—§‚Á‚½•¶–@‚Æ‚¢‚Á‚½ŠÏ“_‚©‚ç‚͈ê•àŒã‘Þ‚·‚邱‚ƂɂȂÁ‚Ä‚¢‚é‚Ì‚©‚à‚µ‚ê‚È‚¢B
@@@@@‚Ü‚½A‚±‚Ì’è‹`‚É‚æ‚ê‚ÎAI'm gonna go. ‚ÌI'm ‚à gonna ‚àuŒêv‚Æ‚¢‚¤‚±
‚ƂɂȂ肤‚邪A‚±‚Ì–{‚Å‚ÍA‚±‚ê‚ç‚ÍuŒ¾‚¢Š·‚¦•\Œ»v(cf. 27-6j‚̈êŽí‚Æ‚³‚ê‚éB


 ø¢2-2-NT@m‹å‚Æ‚Ín 
         u‹åv‚Æ‚¢‚¤—pŒê‚ÍA•¶–@‰Æ‚â•¶–@—˜_‚É‚æ‚Á‚ÄŽw‚·‚à‚Ì‚ªˆÙ‚È‚èA¡‚âAžB
–†‚È—pŒê‚Å‚ ‚é‚Ì‚ÅA‚±‚Ì–{‚ł̋å‚Ì’è‹`‚ð‚±‚±‚ÅŽ¦‚µ‚Ä‚¨‚«‚½‚¢B
         ‚±‚Ì–{‚Å‚ÍAu‹åv‚ÍŽŸ‚Ì‚Q‚‚̓Á’¥‚ðŽ‚¿A
             (i) ‚QŒêˆÈã‚©‚笂é
            (ii) ‚m{‚u‚Ì\‘¢‚ª‚È‚¢
‘½‚­‚Ìê‡A
           (iii) ‚S‚‚̕¶–@ƒJƒeƒSƒŠ|i‚mA‚`A‚uA‚`‚cj‚̂ǂꂩ‚ɑГ–‚·‚éB
         ‚܂Ƃ߂Ⱦ‚¤‚ÆAuŒê‚æ‚è‘å‚«‚­A•¶icf.9-1`9-8, 17-1`21-8j‚âßicf.
25-1`27-8j‚æ‚謂³‚¢’PˆÊ‚ÅA‘½‚­‚Ìê‡A‚S‚‚̕¶–@ƒJƒeƒSƒŠ|i‚mA‚`A‚uA‚` 
‚cj‚̂ǂꂩ‚ɑГ–‚·‚é‚à‚ÌvB‚µ‚½‚ª‚Á‚ÄA‚±‚Ì–{‚ł͂PŒê‚©‚笂é‹å‚Í‘¶Ý‚¹‚¸A 
•¶‚Æ‹å‚Í‹æ•Ê‚³‚ê‚éB
         ‚È‚¨Ar–ØEˆÀˆäipp.1065ff)‚É‚ÍA(i) Sonnenschein(1916, $44)A(ii) 
Onions ˆÈ~‚Ì“`“•¶–@A(iii) \‘¢Œ¾ŒêŠwA(iv)Quirk et al.A(v) •ÏŒ`•¶–@A‚É‚¨‚¯
‚éu‹åv‚Ì’è‹`‚ª‚í‚©‚è‚â‚·‚­q‚ׂç‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚é‚̂ŎQÆ‚³‚ꂽ‚¢B


 ø¢2-3-NT@m•¡‡Œên 
         •¡‡Œêicompounds) ‚ÍA‚Q‚ˆÈã‚̌ꂩ‚笂é‹å‚ªŠµ—p“I‚É‚µ‚΂µ‚ÎŽg‚í‚ê 
‚邤‚¿‚ɈêŒê‚Æ‚µ‚ÄŠ´‚¶‚ç‚ê‚邿‚¤‚ɂȂÁ‚Ä‚µ‚Ü‚Á‚½‚à‚ÌA‚Æ’è‹`‚Å‚«‚éB‚µ‚½‚ª‚Á‚Ä 
A•¡‡Œê‚ÉŽŸ‚̂悤‚ÈŒ`‚Í‘¶Ý‚µ‚È‚¢B
             1) *a retailed old shop       (ˆÀˆäA1994, p.17)
             2) *a very redhead
@@@@i‚½‚¾‚µAr–ØEˆÀˆä p.309‚É‚æ‚ê‚ÎAStrauss,S.L.i1982j‚̂悤‚ÉAŒê‚Æ
Œê‚ÌŒ‹‡‚ł͂Ȃ¢ socio-linguistics ‚̂悤‚È”h¶Œê‚à•¡‡Œê‚Å‚ ‚邯‚·‚é—§ê‚ð‚Æ‚é
•¶–@‰Æ‚à‚¢‚éj
@@     •¡‡Œê‚̃|ƒCƒ“ƒg‚Í‚Q‚‚ ‚éB(i)ƒCƒfƒCƒIƒ€«‚Æ(ii)ƒCƒ“ƒgƒl|ƒVƒ‡ƒ“Eƒp 
ƒ^|ƒ“‚Å‚ ‚éBƒCƒfƒCƒIƒ€«‚É‚Í gradience ‚ª‚ ‚èA‚»‚ê‚Í‚PŒêisolidj|ƒnƒCƒtƒ“
•t‚«‚QŒêihyphenatedj|‚QŒêiopenj‚Æ‚¢‚Á‚½•\Œ»Œ`Ž®iQuirk et al.1985, p.1613)
‚É”½‰f‚³‚ê‚éBˆê”Ê“I‚ɕČê‚Í hyphenated ‚æ‚è open/solid ‚ðD‚Þiibid.)‚悤‚Å‚ 
‚éB‚½‚¾‚µA‚±‚ê‚ç‚Ì•\Œ»Œ`Ž®‚ɂ͌Âl·A’nˆæ·‚ª‚ ‚èAˆÀ’è“I‚Ƃ͌¾‚¦‚È‚¢B—Ⴆ
‚ÎA–{•¶’†‚łƂ肠‚°‚½ stomach(-)ache ‚ÍŽŸ‚̂悤‚ÉŽ«‘‚É‚æ‚èŽæ‚舵‚¢‚ªˆÙ‚È‚éB

         (i)stomach  ache ‚Æ‚µ‚ÄÚ‚¹‚Ä‚¢‚鎫‘
             a. Cambridge International Dictionary of English.  1995 CUP
                 stomach ‚Ì€‚ɂ͂Ȃ¢‚ªAache ‚Ì€‚ÉŽŸ‚Ì—á•¶‚ ‚èB
                 I've had (a) stomach ache all morning.(p.11)
             b. Shogakukan Random House English-Japanese Dictionary.'73 ¬ŠwŠÙ
                 ‚½‚¾‚µA‚Qnd(1994)‚Å‚Í stomachache ‚ƂȂÁ‚Ä‚¢‚é
        (ii)stomach-ache ‚Æ‚µ‚ÄÚ‚¹‚Ä‚¢‚鎫‘
             a. COBUILD:English Learner's Dictionary.   1989 Collins/G•¶
             b. Chamber's Universal Learner's Dictionary.  1980 Chambers
             c. Oxford Wordpower Dictionary for Learners of English. 2000 OUP
       (iii)stomachache ‚Æ‚µ‚ÄÚ‚¹‚Ä‚¢‚鎫‘
             a. The Random House Dictionary of the English Language.
                 ‚Qnd Unabridged   1987 Random House 
             b. Webster's Third New International Dictionary.  Unabridged
                 1981 G.&C.Merrian  
             c. Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English.  Longman  1978
             d. TAISHUKAN'S GENIUS ENGLISH-JAPANESE DICTIONARY.(2nd) 1996 ‘åCŠÙ
         ˆê•ûA•¡‡Œê‚̃Cƒ“ƒgƒl|ƒVƒ‡ƒ“Eƒpƒ^|ƒ“‚͈À’肵‚Ä‚¨‚èA‚¨‚¨‚Þ‚Ë 
‚̃pƒ^|ƒ“‚ƂȂéBicf.4-5-NT) —Ⴆ‚ÎŽŸ‚̂悤‚ÉB
             ƒ•¡‡Œê„                   ƒ–¼ŽŒ‹å„   
             3)a. a  REDhead            vs      a red  HEAD  (ˆÀˆäA1994, p.16)
               b. a  DIVING instructor  vs      a diving INSTRUCTOR
               c. a  GREENhouse         vs      a green HOUSE
         ‚È‚¨Ajournalese ‚Å‚µ‚΂µ‚ÎŒ©‚©‚¯‚鎟‚̂悤‚ȃnƒCƒtƒ“‚‚«•¡‡Œê‚ÍA•iŽŒ
“]Š·‚ð‚Æ‚à‚È‚Á‚Ä‚¢‚邯‚¢‚¤“_‚Åã‹L‚Ì‚à‚̂Ƃ͈قȂéB
             4)a. would-be bride
               b. now-I-can-tell-you story


 ø¢2-4-NT-(A)@mŠg[iexpansionjn 
         ŽÀ‚ÍAexpand ‚Æ‚¢‚¤—pŒê‚ª•\‚·‚à‚Ì‚ÍAŒ»Ý‚ł͞B–†‚Å‚ ‚éB—Ⴆ‚ÎAŽŸ‚Ì
             1)  ‚m       ‚`  {   ‚m
              (big apple)   (big)    (apple)
‚ÅA(i)‚m(big apple)‚ª‚`ibig)‚Æ‚miapple)‚Éexpand1‚³‚ê‚邯‚·‚é•¶–@‰Æ‚ÆA(ii) 
‚`ibig){‚m(apple)‚ª‚mibig apple)‚Éexpand2‚³‚ê‚邯‚·‚é•¶–@‰Æ‚ª‚¢‚é‚̂ł ‚éB
i–îˆó‚Ì•ûŒü‚É’ˆÓj
         —Ⴆ‚ÎA(i)‚Ì—§ê‚ð‚Æ‚é‚¢‚í‚ä‚é‚o‚r rules ‚Å‚ÍA
             2)  NP  ¨  Det  +   ‚m
‚̂悤‚É•ªÍ‚³‚ê‚邪A‚±‚Ì•û–@‚ł͂±‚Ì–{‚Å‚¢‚¤(i)“]Š·‚Æ(ii)Šg[‚Ì‹æ•Ê‚ª‚Å‚«‚È‚¢
‚¾‚¯‚łȂ­ANP ‚ª Det ‚Æ ‚m ‚É rewrite ‚³‚ꂽ‚Æ‚½‚ñ‚É NP ‚ÍÁ‚¦‚éBicf.Lyons,
J. p .235)‚h‚b•ªÍ‚à‚±‚Ì“_‚Å–îˆó‚Ì•ûŒü‚Í“¯‚¶‚Å‚ ‚éB‚±‚Ì•ªÍ‚Í‚¢‚í‚ÎŽóMŒ^‚Ì•¶
–@‚ÆŒ¾‚¦‚éB
         ˆê•ûA Morenberg,M.(pp.25ff)AHalliday,M.A.K.(pp.180ff), Lock,G.(p.130)
‚ȂǂÍA(ii)‚Ì—§ê‚ð‚Æ‚éBi“`““IŠwZ•¶–@‚Æcategorial grammars(cf.Lyons,J. pp.
227ff)‚à“¯‚¶j
@@@@ Morenberg,M. ‚ÍAExpanding Verb and Noun Phrases ‚Æ‚µ‚ÄAtense, 
modality, aspect ‚Ȃǂɂæ‚é verb phrases ‚Ì expansion ‚â articles, possessives 
‚Ȃǂɂæ‚é noun phrases ‚Ì expansion ‚ð‚Æ‚è‚ ‚°‚Ä‚¢‚éB
        ‚Ü‚½AHalliday, M.A.K.(p.196) ‚ÍAŽŸ‚̂悤‚Éq‚ׂè‚èA
             A verbal group is the expansion of a verb, in the same way that
             a nominal group is the expansion of a noun.
         Lock,G.(p.130)‚ÍAAdjective(ex.large) ‚ªAdjective Group(ex.very large)
‚É"expand" ‚³‚ê‚éA‚Æ‚¢‚¤Œ¾‚¢•û‚ð‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚éB‚¿‚Ȃ݂ÉALock ‚Ì expansion ‚Ì}Ž®‚Í
ŽŸ‚̂悤‚ɂȂéB
             3)  ‚`‚c(very) + ‚`(large) ¨  ‚`‚f(very large)
         ‚±‚̂悤‚ÉA•¶–@‰Æ‚ÌŠÔ‚Å‚à expansion ‚ªŽw‚·‚à‚̂͂¨‚¨‚¢‚Ɉá‚Á‚Ä‚¢‚éB 
‚±‚Ì–{‚Å‚Íu”­MŒ^‚Ì•¶–@v‚ð–ÚŽw‚·‚Æ‚¢‚¤—”O‚©‚ç(ii)‚Ì—§ê‚ð‚Æ‚éB‚Ü‚½A‚»‚Ì“ú
–{Œê–ó‚ɂ‚¢‚Ä‚ÍA‚h‚b•ªÍ‚ÌuŠg’£EŠg‘åv‚ð‚Æ‚ç‚¸Aexpanded tense(cf.Jespersen,
O.)‚Ì–óŒê‚Æ‚µ‚Ä’è’…‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚éuŠg[v‚ð‚Æ‚Á‚½B
         ‚¿‚Ȃ݂ÉAˆÀˆä(1995)‚Å‚ÍACüŒê‹å‚É‚æ‚è‚Ó‚­‚ç‚Þ‚±‚Æ‚ðuŠg’£v(p.4) ‚Æ
ŒÄ‚ñ‚¾‚èuŠg[v(p.16)‚ƌĂñ‚¾‚肵‚Ä‚¢‚éB


 ø¢2-4-NT-(B)@m•¶–@ƒJƒeƒSƒŠ[n 
         ‚±‚Ì–{‚Å‚Íu•¶–@ƒJƒeƒSƒŠ[(•iŽŒ)v‚ÍA–¼ŽŒi‚mjAŒ`—eŽŒi‚`jA“®ŽŒi 
‚ujA•›ŽŒi‚`‚cjAŠg[Žqi‚d‚o‚cjA“]Š·Žqi‚b‚u‚sjA‚»‚µ‚Ä•¶i‚rj‚Ì‚V‚‚ð 
‚³‚·Bi‚±‚Ì‚¤‚¿‚r‚Í‚m{‚u‚ÆŒ¾‚¢Š·‚¦‚ç‚ê‚é‚Ì‚ÅAŠî–{“I‚È•¶–@ƒJƒeƒSƒŠ[‚Í‚±‚Ì‚r
‚𔲂¢‚½‚U‚ÂA‚Æ‚¢‚¤‚±‚ƂɂȂéj‚½‚¾‚µA“¯ˆê‚Ì•¶–@ƒJƒeƒSƒŠ[‚É‘®‚·‚éŒê‹å‚ªí‚É‘S 
‚­“¯‚¶•¶–@“Á«‚ðŽ¦‚·‚Æ‚¢‚¤‚킯‚ł͂Ȃ¢B‚»‚ꂼ‚ꂪ‚»‚Ìu‚炵‚³v‚ɂ‚¢‚Ä“x‡‚¢‚Ì
ˆÙ‚Ȃ邱‚Æ‚à‚ ‚éB—Ⴆ‚ÎA“¯‚¶“®ŽŒi‚uj‚Å‚àA
             1)a. swim@¨  swam         vs   can swim  ¨  could swimi“¯‚¶j
               b. swim@¨  to swim      vs   can swim  ¨ *to can swimiˆÙ‚È‚éj
@       swim ‚à can swim ‚à“®ŽŒi‚uj‚Æ‚µ‚Ăقړ¯‚¶‹@”\‚ðŽ‚Â‚ªAˆê•û‚ÅAswim 
‚Í to ‚Æ‹¤‹N‚Å‚«‚邪Acan swim@‚Í•s‰Â‚Å‚ ‚éB‚±‚Ì‚Q‚‚ɂÍu“®ŽŒ‚Á‚Û‚³v‚ɈႢ 
‚ª‚ ‚邯Œ¾‚í‚´‚é‚ð‚¦‚È‚¢B
         ‚±‚̂悤‚ÉAŽÀ‚Í•¡ŽG‚È•¶–@“Á«‚ð‘å‚«‚­‚U‚‚̘g‚Ì’†‚ɕ‚¶ž‚߂邱‚Æ‚ÍA
ŠwK‰p•¶–@‚Ì–¾‰õ‚³‚ƕ֗˜‚³‚ɂ͎‘‚·‚é‚à‚Ì‚ÌAˆê•û‚ÅA“Á‚É㋉ŽÒ‚ɂ͑傫‚È–µ‚‚â
–¢‰ðŒˆ‚Ì–â‘è‚ð’u‚«‹Ž‚è‚É‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ðˆÓ–¡‚·‚éBŠwK‰p•¶–@‚̪Œ¹“IƒWƒŒƒ“ƒ}‚ÆŒ¾‚¦
‚悤B


 ø¢2-5-NT-(A)@m“]Š·n 
         “`““I‚É u“]Š·v(conversion)‚ƌĂ΂ê‚Ä‚«‚½‚à‚͖̂{—ˆAMorphology ƒŒƒx
ƒ‹‚Ì—pŒê‚ÅAuŒ`‚ð•Ï‚¦‚È‚¢‚ňقȂé•iŽŒ‚Æ‚µ‚Ä“­‚­ê‡v(cf. Quirk et al. 1985, 
Appendix I)A‚ ‚é‚¢‚ÍAuƒ[ƒÚŽ«‚É‚æ‚é”h¶iderivation)vicf.™‰YAp.218)‚ð‚³
‚·B—Ⴆ‚ÎŽŸ‚̂悤‚ÉB
             1) release(V) ¨ release(N)       (Quirk et al., 1985, p.1558)
             2) dog(N) ¨  dog one's footsteps(V)   (™‰Y, p.218)
             3) carry(V)  ¨  the carry of a gun(N)(“S–C‚Ì’e’öj(ibid.)
         ‚µ‚©‚µA‚±‚Ì–{‚Å‚ÍAllerton, D.J.(pp.15ff) ‚ȂǂɂȂ炢ASyntaxƒŒƒxƒ‹‚É
‚܂Ŕ͈͂ðL‚°Au‚Q‚‚̈Ӗ¡’PˆÊ‚Ì‘g‚݇‚킹‚ªAŒ³‚Ì‚Q‚Â‚Ì‚Ç‚ê‚Æ‚àˆÙ‚Ȃ镶–@“Á«
‚ðŽ‚ÂˆÓ–¡’PˆÊ‚ƂȂéê‡v‚ð‚³‚·‚±‚ƂƂ·‚éB


 ø¢2-5-NT-(B)@mŠg[‚Æ“]Š·n 
         ‚±‚±‚ÅŒ¾‚¤uŠg[v‚Æu“]Š·v‚Í Bloomfield, L.(p.194)‚Ìu“àS\‘¢v
iendocentric construction)‚ÆuŠOS\‘¢viexocentric construction)‚ÉŒÀ‚è‚È‚­‹ß
‚¢B‚½‚¾‚µABloomfield ‚ÍAto ‚u‚â can ‚u‚ȂǓ®ŽŒ‚Ü‚í‚è‚Ì•ªÍ‚â•¶i‚rj‚̈µ‚¢‚Å
‚±‚Ì–{‚Æ‚ÍˆÙ‚È‚é•ªÍ‚ð‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚éB
         ‚Ü‚½AQuirk et al.i1985, p.60) ‚Í head@‚Æ‚¢‚¤Œê‚ð—p‚¢Aheaded 
construction(ex.Adjective Phrase)‚Ænon-headed construction(ex.PPj‚ð
u head ˆÈŠO‚Ì—v‘f‚ðÈ—ª‚Å‚«‚é‚©‚Ç‚¤‚©v‚ÅŒˆ‚߂è‚èA‚»‚̈Ӗ¡‚ł͂±‚Ì–{‚ÌuŠg
[v‚Æu“]Š·v‚ɋ߂¢B‚½‚¾‚µAŋ߂̶¬•¶–@—˜_‚Å‚ÍAheadiŽå—v•”j‚Æ‚¢‚¤—pŒê
‚ªˆÙ‚È‚Á‚½ˆÓ–¡‚ÅŽg‚í‚ê‚éB—Ⴆ‚ÎADet‚o ‚â Prep‚o ‚Å‚ÍA‚»‚ꂼ‚ê Det ‚â Prep ‚ª
 head ‚Æ‚³‚ê‚éB—Ⴆ‚ÎAthe book about linguistics ‚Í DP ‚Æ‚µ‚ÄŽŸ‚Ì—l‚É•ªÍ‚³‚ê
‚é‚̂ł ‚éB(Rutherford, p.33)
         In more recent work, however, the head of a phrase like the book about
       linguistics is taken to be not the noun book but the determiner the.
                   ‚c‚o
                 ^    _
               ‚c      ‚m‚o
               b       b
              the      book about linguistics
            (head)
         ˆê•û‚Å‚ÍA‚»‚à‚»‚à prep{‚m ‚̂悤‚È\‘¢‚Å‚Í head ‚Ì”»•Ê‚ª‚‚©‚È‚¢‚Æ‚·
‚é•¶–@‰ÆiMcCawley,J.D. 1988, p.190j‚à‚¢‚éB‚±‚̂悤‚Éhead‚Æ‚¢‚¤ŠT”O‚ÍAŒ»ÝA
‚³‚Ü‚´‚܂̈Ӗ¡‚ÅŽg‚í‚ê‚Ä‚¨‚èA•K‚¸‚µ‚à•ªÍ—pŒê‚Æ‚µ‚ÄØ‚ê–¡‚Ì—Ç‚¢‚à‚̂Ƃ͌¾‚¦‚È
‚¢B‚µ‚½‚ª‚Á‚ÄA‚±‚Ì–{‚Å‚ÍA headed/non-headed ‚Æ‚¢‚¤—pŒê‚ÍŽg‚í‚È‚¢‚±‚ƂƂµ‚½B
         ‚±‚̂悤‚É‚±‚Ì–{‚ÅŒ¾‚¤uŠg[v‚Æu“]Š·v‚ÍŒÀ‚è‚È‚­ Bloomfield ‚Ì endoc
entric vs exocentric ‚â@Quirk et al. ‚Ì headed  vs  non-headed ‚ɋ߂¢‚à‚̂ł 
‚éB‚É‚à‚©‚©‚í‚炸A‚±‚Ì—pŒê‚ÌŽg—p‚ð”ð‚¯‚½‚Ì‚ÍAã‹L‚̂悤‚È——R‚Ì‘¼‚ÉA‚±‚Ì–{
‚Å‚ÍuŠg[v‚Æu“]Š·v‚ªŒê‚¾‚¯‚łȂ­ÚŽ«‚Ȃǂà‘ÎÛ‚Æ‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚é“_‚Å Bloomfield ‚â
Quirk et al. ‚Ƃ͑傫‚­ˆÙ‚Ȃ邩‚ç‚Å‚ ‚éB


 ø¢2-6-NT@ mŽåŒ`‘Ô‘f‚Æ•›Œ`‘Ô‘f‚̈Ⴂn 
         ŽåŒ`‘Ô‘f‚Æ•›Œ`‘Ô‘f‚̈Ⴂ‚Í‚¾‚¢‚½‚¢ŽŸ‚Ì‚U‚‚ł ‚éB
             (i)ŽåŒ`‘Ô‘f‚ÍŒêœb«‚ª–L‚©‚Å‚ ‚éBˆê•ûA•›Œ`‘Ô‘f‚ÍŽåŒ`‘Ô‘f‚Ù‚Ç–L‚©
                ‚ł͂Ȃ¢B
            (ii)ŽåŒ`‘Ô‘f‚͓Ɨ§«‚ª‹­‚­A”­˜b‚Ì’†‚Å‚µ‚΂µ‚Î’P“Ƃő¶Ý‚·‚邪A•›
                Œ`‘Ô‘f‚͂‚˂ɎåŒ`‘Ô‘f‚Ì‘¶Ý‚ð‘O’ñ‚Æ‚µA‚»‚̘e–ð‚Æ‚µ‚Ä“­‚­B
           (iii)ŽåŒ`‘Ô‘f‚ÍuŠJ‚¢‚Äv‚¨‚èA‚»‚Ì”‚Í–³ŒÀ‚ɋ߂­‘¶Ý‚·‚éBˆê•ûA•›
                Œ`‘Ô‘f‚Íu•‚¶‚Äv‚¨‚èA‚»‚Ì”‚ÍŒÀ‚ç‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚éB(cf.’rãE’rã,
                p.626)
            (iv)ŽåŒ`‘Ô‘f‚Í‚µ‚΂µ‚΋­¨‚ðŽó‚¯‚邪A•›Œ`‘Ô‘f‚ª‹­¨‚ðŽó‚¯‚邱‚Æ‚Í
                ‚Ü‚ê‚Å‚ ‚éBicf.’rãE’rã,p.26)
             (v)ŽåŒ`‘Ô‘f‚ÍÆ‰žŒ`(‚`‚m‚`Œ`,cf.11-2)‚ðŽ‚Â‚ªA•›Œ`‘Ô‘f‚ÍŽ‚½‚È‚¢B
            (vi)•›Œ`‘Ô‘f‚͈ê”ʂɑ‚«Œ¾—t‚ł͕p“x‚‚¢icf.Hofland & Johansson)
                ‚ªA˜b‚µŒ¾—t‚Å‚Í salient ‚ł͂Ȃ¢i•·‚«Žæ‚ê‚È‚¢jB
         ‚±‚±‚ÅŒ¾‚¤ŽåŒ`‘Ô‘f‚ÍA“`““I‚É“à—eŒêicontent wordj‚ƌĂ΂ê‚Ä‚¢‚é‚à‚Ì
‚Å‚ ‚éB‹ï‘Ì“I‚ɂ͖¼ŽŒi‚mjAŒ`—eŽŒi‚`jA“®ŽŒi‚ujA•›ŽŒi‚`‚cj‚Ì‚S‚Â‚ð‚³ 
‚·Bˆê•ûA•›Œ`‘Ô‘f‚É‚ÍA‚¢‚í‚ä‚éÚ‘±ŽŒA‘O’uŽŒAŠ¥ŽŒA•“®ŽŒ‚Ȃǂ̂¢‚í‚ä‚é‹@”\ 
Œêifunction wordj‚̂ق©‘S‚Ä‚ÌÚŽ«‚ªŠÜ‚Ü‚ê‚éB‚±‚Ì–{‚Å‚ÍA‚±‚ê‚ç‚Ì•›Œ`‘Ô‘f‚ðŠg
[ŽqiEPDj‚Æ“]Š·ŽqiCVTj‚Ì‚Q‚‚ɕª‚¯‚éBicf.2-7)


 ø¢2-7-NT-(A)@m“]Š·ŽqEŠg[Žqn 
         convertori“]Š·Žqj‚Æ‚¢‚¤—pŒê‚ÍAAllerton, D.J.(pp.14-15)‚É‚æ‚éB‚½‚¾
‚µA“ú–{Œê–ó‚Í‘åêB
         Allerton, D.J.(pp.14-15)‚ÍATesnièrei1959j‚Ì"translatif" ‚ɂӂêA
CONVERTOR, BASE‚Æ‚¢‚¤ŠT”O‚𓱓ü‚µ‚ÄŽŸ‚̂悤‚Éq‚ׂĂ¢‚éB
         This is why Tesnièrei1959:361-72) accords to them the status of
       "translatif", since he sees their essential syntactic function as that
       of changing the class of their co-constituent into that of the whole
       construction.  A preposition, for instance, "translate" a noun (or noun
       phrase) into an adverbial. We may call such an element a CONVERTOR and
       give the label BASE to the elements they convert.
‚µ‚½‚ª‚Á‚ÄAAllerton, D.J.(pp.24-25)‚É‚æ‚ê‚ÎA—Ⴆ‚ÎAwith a new hat ‚Ì•ªÍ‚ÍŽŸ
‚̂悤‚È‚à‚̂ƂȂéB
             1)  with    a   new  hat
                (prep) (Det) (Adj)(N)
                    a) new(modifier) +  hat(head)
                    b) a(specifier) +  hat(core)
                    c) with(convertor) +  a new hat(base)
         Allerton(p.20) ‚ÍA‚Ü‚½A‚³‚ç‚Ɉê•à“¥‚Ýž‚ñ‚ÅA‚¢‚í‚ä‚écomplementizers
‚Ì to ‚â that ‚ȂǂàCONVERTOR‚Ƃ݂ȂµAŽŸ‚̂悤‚Éq‚ׂĂ¢‚éB
         A more complex type of this pattern is seen in the use of complementizers
       to and that to convert whole sentences to noun phrases.
         ‚Ü‚½A‚æ‚­Ž—‚½•ûŒü«‚ðŽ‚Â•ªÍ‚Æ‚µ‚ÄACelce-Murcia & Larsen-Freeman(19
83, p.13)‚ÍA‘O’uŽŒ‚ªŽž‚âꊂð•\‚·–¼ŽŒ‚Éu•›ŽŒ“I‚È‹@”\v‚ð—^‚¦‚éA‚Æ‚µ‚ÄŽŸ‚Ì‚æ
‚¤‚Éq‚ׂĂ¢‚éB
         Note that prepositions are being used here to give nouns with temporal
       (time) or positional(place) meaning an adverbial function.  As a general
        rule, nouns do not function on their own as adverbs in English. For
        example, we have the following sentences where the nouns Monday and
        home become adverbial with the help of the preceding prepositions:
             2)  Max will stay here until Monday.
             3)  Mr.Green works at home.
         ”Þ“™‚É‚æ‚邯A—Ⴆ‚ÎAPerhaps the boys work in the city. ‚̉ºü•”‚ÌŽ÷Œ`
}‚ÍŽŸ‚̂悤‚ɂȂéB
             4) (in the city)
                   Advl
                   b
                   PP
                ^    _
              P          NP
            (in)      ^    _
                    det       ‚m
                   (the)    (city)
‚æ‚賊m‚É‚ÍAu•›ŽŒ“I‚È‹@”\v‚ł͂Ȃ­Au•›ŽŒ‚ ‚é‚¢‚ÍŒ`—eŽŒ“I‚È‹@”\v‚Æ‚·‚é‚ׂ«
‚Å‚ ‚邯Žv‚í‚ê‚邪A“`““I‚È‘O’uŽŒ‚Æ‚¢‚¤•¶–@ƒJƒeƒSƒŠ|‚ð•iŽŒ“]Š·‚Æ‚¢‚¤ŠÏ“_‚łƂç
‚¦‚Ä‚¢‚é“_‚Å‹»–¡[‚¢B
@@@@‚È‚¨AexpanderiŠg[Žqj‚Íconvertori“]Š·Žqj‚Ƃ̑ΔäãAexpansion
iŠg[j‚©‚çì‚肾‚µ‚½B“ú–{Œê–ó‚à‘åêB


 ø¢2-7-NT-(B)@m•›Œ`‘Ô‘f‚ÌŒ`F•t‰Á/“ü‚ê‘Ö‚¦/‘ã“ü/ƒ[ƒ•ω»‚È‚Çn 
         Šg[ŽqiEPDj‚â“]Š·ŽqiCVTj‚ÍC(i)•t‰Á‚Æ‚¢‚¤Œ`‚ð‚Æ‚é‚Ì‚ªˆê”Ê“I‚Å‚ ‚é
‚ªA(ii)“|’u‚â(iii)‘ã“ü‚â(iv)ƒ[ƒ•ω»‚Æ‚¢‚¤Œ`‚ð‚Æ‚é‚±‚Æ‚à‚ ‚éB
         (i) •t‰Á                      (ii) “|’u
             (unable)                       (income)
                ‚`                             ‚m
             ^    _                       ^    _
           EPD       ‚`                   EPD       ‚u
           (un-)   (able)                (“|’u)  (come in)
         (iii) ‘ã“ü                    (iv) ƒ[ƒ•ω»
             (monokini)                    (breakfast)
                ‚m                            ‚u
             ^    _                      ^    _
           EPD       ‚m                  CVT       ‚m

           (mono-)  (bikini)             ()   (breakfast)

         ‚³‚ç‚ÉA‚±‚ê‚ç‚ð•¡”‘g‚݇‚킹‚½ˆê˜A‚Ì‘€ì‚ð‚ЂƂ‚̒PˆÊ‚Æ‚µ‚ÄŽg‚¤‚à‚Ì
(cf.19-3, 21-7)‚à‚ ‚éB


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