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L.(p.55, ’JŒû p.80)‚É‚æ‚ê‚ÎA“K“–‚È–¬—‚ª‚ ‚é’†‚ł͑½‚‚̃AƒƒŠƒJl˜bŽÒ‚ÍAŽŸ‚Ì
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‚È‚¨Ar–ØEˆÀˆäipp.1065ff)‚É‚ÍA(i) Sonnenschein(1916, $44)A(ii)
Onions ˆÈ~‚Ì“`“•¶–@A(iii) \‘¢Œ¾ŒêŠwA(iv)Quirk et al.A(v) •ÏŒ`•¶–@A‚É‚¨‚¯
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‚邤‚¿‚ɈêŒê‚Æ‚µ‚ÄŠ´‚¶‚ç‚ê‚邿‚¤‚ɂȂÁ‚Ä‚µ‚Ü‚Á‚½‚à‚ÌA‚Æ’è‹`‚Å‚«‚éB‚µ‚½‚ª‚Á‚Ä
A•¡‡Œê‚ÉŽŸ‚̂悤‚ÈŒ`‚Í‘¶Ý‚µ‚È‚¢B
1) *a retailed old shop (ˆÀˆäA1994, p.17)
2) *a very redhead
@@@@i‚½‚¾‚µAr–ØEˆÀˆä p.309‚É‚æ‚ê‚ÎAStrauss,S.L.i1982j‚̂悤‚ÉAŒê‚Æ
Œê‚ÌŒ‹‡‚ł͂Ȃ¢ socio-linguistics ‚̂悤‚È”h¶Œê‚à•¡‡Œê‚Å‚ ‚邯‚·‚é—§ê‚ð‚Æ‚é
•¶–@‰Æ‚à‚¢‚éj
@@ •¡‡Œê‚̃|ƒCƒ“ƒg‚Í‚Q‚‚ ‚éB(i)ƒCƒfƒCƒIƒ€«‚Æ(ii)ƒCƒ“ƒgƒl|ƒVƒ‡ƒ“Eƒp
ƒ^|ƒ“‚Å‚ ‚éBƒCƒfƒCƒIƒ€«‚É‚Í gradience ‚ª‚ ‚èA‚»‚ê‚Í‚PŒêisolidj|ƒnƒCƒtƒ“
•t‚«‚QŒêihyphenatedj|‚QŒêiopenj‚Æ‚¢‚Á‚½•\Œ»Œ`Ž®iQuirk et al.1985, p.1613)
‚É”½‰f‚³‚ê‚éBˆê”Ê“I‚ɕČê‚Í hyphenated ‚æ‚è open/solid ‚ðD‚Þiibid.)‚悤‚Å‚
‚éB‚½‚¾‚µA‚±‚ê‚ç‚Ì•\Œ»Œ`Ž®‚ɂ͌Âl·A’nˆæ·‚ª‚ ‚èAˆÀ’è“I‚Ƃ͌¾‚¦‚È‚¢B—Ⴆ
‚ÎA–{•¶’†‚Å‚Æ‚è‚ ‚°‚½ stomach(-)ache ‚ÍŽŸ‚̂悤‚ÉŽ«‘‚É‚æ‚èŽæ‚舵‚¢‚ªˆÙ‚È‚éB
(i)stomach ache ‚Æ‚µ‚ÄÚ‚¹‚Ä‚¢‚鎫‘
a. Cambridge International Dictionary of English. 1995 CUP
stomach ‚Ì€‚ɂ͂Ȃ¢‚ªAache ‚Ì€‚ÉŽŸ‚Ì—á•¶‚ ‚èB
I've had (a) stomach ache all morning.(p.11)
b. Shogakukan Random House English-Japanese Dictionary.'73 ¬ŠwŠÙ
‚½‚¾‚µA‚Qnd(1994)‚Å‚Í stomachache ‚ƂȂÁ‚Ä‚¢‚é
(ii)stomach-ache ‚Æ‚µ‚ÄÚ‚¹‚Ä‚¢‚鎫‘
a. COBUILD:English Learner's Dictionary. 1989 Collins/G•¶
b. Chamber's Universal Learner's Dictionary. 1980 Chambers
c. Oxford Wordpower Dictionary for Learners of English. 2000 OUP
(iii)stomachache ‚Æ‚µ‚ÄÚ‚¹‚Ä‚¢‚鎫‘
a. The Random House Dictionary of the English Language.
‚Qnd Unabridged 1987 Random House
b. Webster's Third New International Dictionary. Unabridged
1981 G.&C.Merrian
c. Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English. Longman 1978
d. TAISHUKAN'S GENIUS ENGLISH-JAPANESE DICTIONARY.(2nd) 1996 ‘åCŠÙ
ˆê•ûA•¡‡Œê‚̃Cƒ“ƒgƒl|ƒVƒ‡ƒ“Eƒpƒ^|ƒ“‚͈À’肵‚Ä‚¨‚èA‚¨‚¨‚Þ‚Ë
‚̃pƒ^|ƒ“‚ƂȂéBicf.4-5-NT) —Ⴆ‚ÎŽŸ‚̂悤‚ÉB
ƒ•¡‡Œê„
ƒ–¼ŽŒ‹å„
3)a. a REDhead vs a red HEAD (ˆÀˆäA1994, p.16)
b. a DIVING instructor vs a diving INSTRUCTOR
c. a GREENhouse vs a green HOUSE
‚È‚¨Ajournalese ‚Å‚µ‚΂µ‚ÎŒ©‚©‚¯‚鎟‚̂悤‚ȃnƒCƒtƒ“‚‚«•¡‡Œê‚ÍA•iŽŒ
“]Š·‚ð‚Æ‚à‚È‚Á‚Ä‚¢‚邯‚¢‚¤“_‚Åã‹L‚Ì‚à‚̂Ƃ͈قȂéB
4)a. would-be bride
b. now-I-can-tell-you story
ø¢2-4-NT-(A)@mŠg[iexpansionjn
ŽÀ‚ÍAexpand ‚Æ‚¢‚¤—pŒê‚ª•\‚·‚à‚Ì‚ÍAŒ»Ý‚ł͞B–†‚Å‚ ‚éB—Ⴆ‚ÎAŽŸ‚Ì
1) ‚m
‚` { ‚m
(big apple) (big) (apple)
‚ÅA(i)‚m(big apple)‚ª‚`ibig)‚Æ‚miapple)‚Éexpand1‚³‚ê‚邯‚·‚é•¶–@‰Æ‚ÆA(ii)
‚`ibig){‚m(apple)‚ª‚mibig apple)‚Éexpand2‚³‚ê‚邯‚·‚é•¶–@‰Æ‚ª‚¢‚é‚̂ł ‚éB
i–îˆó‚Ì•ûŒü‚É’ˆÓj
—Ⴆ‚ÎA(i)‚Ì—§ê‚ð‚Æ‚é‚¢‚í‚ä‚é‚o‚r rules ‚Å‚ÍA
2) NP ¨ Det + ‚m
‚̂悤‚É•ªÍ‚³‚ê‚邪A‚±‚Ì•û–@‚ł͂±‚Ì–{‚Å‚¢‚¤(i)“]Š·‚Æ(ii)Šg[‚Ì‹æ•Ê‚ª‚Å‚«‚È‚¢
‚¾‚¯‚łȂANP ‚ª Det ‚Æ ‚m ‚É rewrite ‚³‚ꂽ‚Æ‚½‚ñ‚É NP ‚ÍÁ‚¦‚éBicf.Lyons,
J. p .235)‚h‚b•ªÍ‚à‚±‚Ì“_‚Å–îˆó‚Ì•ûŒü‚Í“¯‚¶‚Å‚ ‚éB‚±‚Ì•ªÍ‚Í‚¢‚í‚ÎŽóMŒ^‚Ì•¶
–@‚ÆŒ¾‚¦‚éB
ˆê•ûA Morenberg,M.(pp.25ff)AHalliday,M.A.K.(pp.180ff), Lock,G.(p.130)
‚ȂǂÍA(ii)‚Ì—§ê‚ð‚Æ‚éBi“`““IŠwZ•¶–@‚Æcategorial grammars(cf.Lyons,J. pp.
227ff)‚à“¯‚¶j
@@@@ Morenberg,M. ‚ÍAExpanding Verb and Noun Phrases ‚Æ‚µ‚ÄAtense,
modality, aspect ‚Ȃǂɂæ‚é verb phrases ‚Ì expansion ‚â articles, possessives
‚Ȃǂɂæ‚é noun phrases ‚Ì expansion ‚ð‚Æ‚è‚ ‚°‚Ä‚¢‚éB
‚Ü‚½AHalliday, M.A.K.(p.196) ‚ÍAŽŸ‚̂悤‚Éq‚ׂè‚èA
A verbal group is the expansion of a verb, in the same way that
a nominal group is the expansion of a noun.
Lock,G.(p.130)‚ÍAAdjective(ex.large) ‚ªAdjective Group(ex.very large)
‚É"expand" ‚³‚ê‚éA‚Æ‚¢‚¤Œ¾‚¢•û‚ð‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚éB‚¿‚Ȃ݂ÉALock ‚Ì expansion ‚Ì}Ž®‚Í
ŽŸ‚̂悤‚ɂȂéB
3) ‚`‚c(very) + ‚`(large) ¨ ‚`‚f(very large)
‚±‚̂悤‚ÉA•¶–@‰Æ‚ÌŠÔ‚Å‚à expansion ‚ªŽw‚·‚à‚̂͂¨‚¨‚¢‚Ɉá‚Á‚Ä‚¢‚éB
‚±‚Ì–{‚Å‚Íu”MŒ^‚Ì•¶–@v‚ð–ÚŽw‚·‚Æ‚¢‚¤—”O‚©‚ç(ii)‚Ì—§ê‚ð‚Æ‚éB‚Ü‚½A‚»‚Ì“ú
–{Œê–ó‚ɂ‚¢‚Ä‚ÍA‚h‚b•ªÍ‚ÌuŠg’£EŠg‘åv‚ð‚Æ‚ç‚¸Aexpanded tense(cf.Jespersen,
O.)‚Ì–óŒê‚Æ‚µ‚Ä’è’…‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚éuŠg[v‚ð‚Æ‚Á‚½B
‚¿‚Ȃ݂ÉAˆÀˆä(1995)‚Å‚ÍACüŒê‹å‚É‚æ‚è‚Ó‚‚ç‚Þ‚±‚Æ‚ðuŠg’£v(p.4) ‚Æ
ŒÄ‚ñ‚¾‚èuŠg[v(p.16)‚ƌĂñ‚¾‚肵‚Ä‚¢‚éB
ø¢2-4-NT-(B)@m•¶–@ƒJƒeƒSƒŠ[n
‚±‚Ì–{‚Å‚Íu•¶–@ƒJƒeƒSƒŠ[(•iŽŒ)v‚ÍA–¼ŽŒi‚mjAŒ`—eŽŒi‚`jA“®ŽŒi
‚ujA•›ŽŒi‚`‚cjAŠg[Žqi‚d‚o‚cjA“]Š·Žqi‚b‚u‚sjA‚»‚µ‚Ä•¶i‚rj‚Ì‚V‚‚ð
‚³‚·Bi‚±‚Ì‚¤‚¿‚r‚Í‚m{‚u‚ÆŒ¾‚¢Š·‚¦‚ç‚ê‚é‚Ì‚ÅAŠî–{“I‚È•¶–@ƒJƒeƒSƒŠ[‚Í‚±‚Ì‚r
‚𔲂¢‚½‚U‚ÂA‚Æ‚¢‚¤‚±‚ƂɂȂéj‚½‚¾‚µA“¯ˆê‚Ì•¶–@ƒJƒeƒSƒŠ[‚É‘®‚·‚éŒê‹å‚ªí‚É‘S
‚“¯‚¶•¶–@“Á«‚ðŽ¦‚·‚Æ‚¢‚¤‚킯‚ł͂Ȃ¢B‚»‚ꂼ‚ꂪ‚»‚Ìu‚炵‚³v‚ɂ‚¢‚Ä“x‡‚¢‚Ì
ˆÙ‚Ȃ邱‚Æ‚à‚ ‚éB—Ⴆ‚ÎA“¯‚¶“®ŽŒi‚uj‚Å‚àA
1)a. swim@¨ swam vs can swim ¨ could swimi“¯‚¶j
b. swim@¨ to swim vs can swim ¨ *to can swimiˆÙ‚È‚éj
@ swim ‚à can swim ‚à“®ŽŒi‚uj‚Æ‚µ‚Ăقړ¯‚¶‹@”\‚ðŽ‚Â‚ªAˆê•û‚ÅAswim
‚Í to ‚Æ‹¤‹N‚Å‚«‚邪Acan swim@‚Í•s‰Â‚Å‚ ‚éB‚±‚Ì‚Q‚‚ɂÍu“®ŽŒ‚Á‚Û‚³v‚ɈႢ
‚ª‚ ‚邯Œ¾‚í‚´‚é‚ð‚¦‚È‚¢B
‚±‚̂悤‚ÉAŽÀ‚Í•¡ŽG‚È•¶–@“Á«‚ð‘å‚«‚‚U‚‚̘g‚Ì’†‚ɕ‚¶ž‚߂邱‚Æ‚ÍA
ŠwK‰p•¶–@‚Ì–¾‰õ‚³‚ƕ֗˜‚³‚ɂ͎‘‚·‚é‚à‚Ì‚ÌAˆê•û‚ÅA“Á‚É㋉ŽÒ‚ɂ͑傫‚È–µ‚‚â
–¢‰ðŒˆ‚Ì–â‘è‚ð’u‚«‹Ž‚è‚É‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ðˆÓ–¡‚·‚éBŠwK‰p•¶–@‚̪Œ¹“IƒWƒŒƒ“ƒ}‚ÆŒ¾‚¦
‚悤B
ø¢2-5-NT-(A)@m“]Š·n
“`““I‚É u“]Š·v(conversion)‚ƌĂ΂ê‚Ä‚«‚½‚à‚͖̂{—ˆAMorphology ƒŒƒx
ƒ‹‚Ì—pŒê‚ÅAuŒ`‚ð•Ï‚¦‚È‚¢‚ňقȂé•iŽŒ‚Æ‚µ‚Ä“‚ê‡v(cf. Quirk et al. 1985,
Appendix I)A‚ ‚é‚¢‚ÍAuƒ[ƒÚŽ«‚É‚æ‚é”h¶iderivation)vicf.™‰YAp.218)‚ð‚³
‚·B—Ⴆ‚ÎŽŸ‚̂悤‚ÉB
1) release(V) ¨ release(N) (Quirk et al., 1985, p.1558)
2) dog(N) ¨ dog one's footsteps(V) (™‰Y, p.218)
3) carry(V) ¨ the carry of a gun(N)(“S–C‚Ì’e’öj(ibid.)
‚µ‚©‚µA‚±‚Ì–{‚Å‚ÍAllerton, D.J.(pp.15ff) ‚ȂǂɂȂ炢ASyntaxƒŒƒxƒ‹‚É
‚܂Ŕ͈͂ðL‚°Au‚Q‚‚̈Ӗ¡’PˆÊ‚Ì‘g‚݇‚킹‚ªAŒ³‚Ì‚Q‚Â‚Ì‚Ç‚ê‚Æ‚àˆÙ‚Ȃ镶–@“Á«
‚ðŽ‚ÂˆÓ–¡’PˆÊ‚ƂȂéê‡v‚ð‚³‚·‚±‚ƂƂ·‚éB
ø¢2-5-NT-(B)@mŠg[‚Æ“]Š·n
‚±‚±‚ÅŒ¾‚¤uŠg[v‚Æu“]Š·v‚Í Bloomfield, L.(p.194)‚Ìu“àS\‘¢v
iendocentric construction)‚ÆuŠOS\‘¢viexocentric construction)‚ÉŒÀ‚è‚È‚‹ß
‚¢B‚½‚¾‚µABloomfield ‚ÍAto ‚u‚â can ‚u‚ȂǓ®ŽŒ‚Ü‚í‚è‚Ì•ªÍ‚â•¶i‚rj‚̈µ‚¢‚Å
‚±‚Ì–{‚Æ‚ÍˆÙ‚È‚é•ªÍ‚ð‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚éB
‚Ü‚½AQuirk et al.i1985, p.60) ‚Í head@‚Æ‚¢‚¤Œê‚ð—p‚¢Aheaded
construction(ex.Adjective Phrase)‚Ænon-headed construction(ex.PPj‚ð
u head ˆÈŠO‚Ì—v‘f‚ðÈ—ª‚Å‚«‚é‚©‚Ç‚¤‚©v‚ÅŒˆ‚߂è‚èA‚»‚̈Ӗ¡‚ł͂±‚Ì–{‚ÌuŠg
[v‚Æu“]Š·v‚ɋ߂¢B‚½‚¾‚µAŋ߂̶¬•¶–@—˜_‚Å‚ÍAheadiŽå—v•”j‚Æ‚¢‚¤—pŒê
‚ªˆÙ‚È‚Á‚½ˆÓ–¡‚ÅŽg‚í‚ê‚éB—Ⴆ‚ÎADet‚o ‚â Prep‚o ‚Å‚ÍA‚»‚ꂼ‚ê Det ‚â Prep ‚ª
head ‚Æ‚³‚ê‚éB—Ⴆ‚ÎAthe book about linguistics ‚Í DP ‚Æ‚µ‚ÄŽŸ‚Ì—l‚É•ªÍ‚³‚ê
‚é‚̂ł ‚éB(Rutherford, p.33)
In more recent work, however, the head of a phrase like the book about
linguistics is taken to be not the noun book but the determiner the.
‚c‚o
^ _
‚c ‚m‚o
b b
the book about linguistics
(head)
ˆê•û‚Å‚ÍA‚»‚à‚»‚à prep{‚m ‚̂悤‚È\‘¢‚Å‚Í head ‚Ì”»•Ê‚ª‚‚©‚È‚¢‚Æ‚·
‚é•¶–@‰ÆiMcCawley,J.D. 1988, p.190j‚à‚¢‚éB‚±‚̂悤‚Éhead‚Æ‚¢‚¤ŠT”O‚ÍAŒ»ÝA
‚³‚Ü‚´‚܂̈Ӗ¡‚ÅŽg‚í‚ê‚Ä‚¨‚èA•K‚¸‚µ‚à•ªÍ—pŒê‚Æ‚µ‚ÄØ‚ê–¡‚Ì—Ç‚¢‚à‚̂Ƃ͌¾‚¦‚È
‚¢B‚µ‚½‚ª‚Á‚ÄA‚±‚Ì–{‚Å‚ÍA headed/non-headed ‚Æ‚¢‚¤—pŒê‚ÍŽg‚í‚È‚¢‚±‚ƂƂµ‚½B
‚±‚̂悤‚É‚±‚Ì–{‚ÅŒ¾‚¤uŠg[v‚Æu“]Š·v‚ÍŒÀ‚è‚È‚ Bloomfield ‚Ì endoc
entric vs exocentric ‚â@Quirk et al. ‚Ì headed vs non-headed ‚ɋ߂¢‚à‚̂ł
‚éB‚É‚à‚©‚©‚í‚炸A‚±‚Ì—pŒê‚ÌŽg—p‚ð”ð‚¯‚½‚Ì‚ÍAã‹L‚̂悤‚È——R‚Ì‘¼‚ÉA‚±‚Ì–{
‚Å‚ÍuŠg[v‚Æu“]Š·v‚ªŒê‚¾‚¯‚łȂڎ«‚Ȃǂà‘ÎÛ‚Æ‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚é“_‚Å Bloomfield ‚â
Quirk et al. ‚Ƃ͑傫‚ˆÙ‚Ȃ邩‚ç‚Å‚ ‚éB
ø¢2-6-NT@ mŽåŒ`‘Ô‘f‚Æ•›Œ`‘Ô‘f‚̈Ⴂn
ŽåŒ`‘Ô‘f‚Æ•›Œ`‘Ô‘f‚̈Ⴂ‚Í‚¾‚¢‚½‚¢ŽŸ‚Ì‚U‚‚ł ‚éB
(i)ŽåŒ`‘Ô‘f‚ÍŒêœb«‚ª–L‚©‚Å‚ ‚éBˆê•ûA•›Œ`‘Ô‘f‚ÍŽåŒ`‘Ô‘f‚Ù‚Ç–L‚©
‚ł͂Ȃ¢B
(ii)ŽåŒ`‘Ô‘f‚͓Ɨ§«‚ª‹‚A”˜b‚Ì’†‚Å‚µ‚΂µ‚Î’P“Ƃő¶Ý‚·‚邪A•›
Œ`‘Ô‘f‚͂‚˂ɎåŒ`‘Ô‘f‚Ì‘¶Ý‚ð‘O’ñ‚Æ‚µA‚»‚̘e–ð‚Æ‚µ‚Ä“‚B
(iii)ŽåŒ`‘Ô‘f‚ÍuŠJ‚¢‚Äv‚¨‚èA‚»‚Ì”‚Í–³ŒÀ‚ɋ߂‘¶Ý‚·‚éBˆê•ûA•›
Œ`‘Ô‘f‚Íu•‚¶‚Äv‚¨‚èA‚»‚Ì”‚ÍŒÀ‚ç‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚éB(cf.’rãE’rã,
p.626)
(iv)ŽåŒ`‘Ô‘f‚Í‚µ‚΂µ‚΋¨‚ðŽó‚¯‚邪A•›Œ`‘Ô‘f‚ª‹¨‚ðŽó‚¯‚邱‚Æ‚Í
‚Ü‚ê‚Å‚ ‚éBicf.’rãE’rã,p.26)
(v)ŽåŒ`‘Ô‘f‚ÍÆ‰žŒ`(‚`‚m‚`Œ`,cf.11-2)‚ðŽ‚Â‚ªA•›Œ`‘Ô‘f‚ÍŽ‚½‚È‚¢B
(vi)•›Œ`‘Ô‘f‚͈ê”ʂɑ‚«Œ¾—t‚ł͕p“x‚‚¢icf.Hofland & Johansson)
‚ªA˜b‚µŒ¾—t‚Å‚Í salient ‚ł͂Ȃ¢i•·‚«Žæ‚ê‚È‚¢jB
‚±‚±‚ÅŒ¾‚¤ŽåŒ`‘Ô‘f‚ÍA“`““I‚É“à—eŒêicontent wordj‚ƌĂ΂ê‚Ä‚¢‚é‚à‚Ì
‚Å‚ ‚éB‹ï‘Ì“I‚ɂ͖¼ŽŒi‚mjAŒ`—eŽŒi‚`jA“®ŽŒi‚ujA•›ŽŒi‚`‚cj‚Ì‚S‚‚ð‚³
‚·Bˆê•ûA•›Œ`‘Ô‘f‚É‚ÍA‚¢‚í‚ä‚éÚ‘±ŽŒA‘O’uŽŒAŠ¥ŽŒA•“®ŽŒ‚Ȃǂ̂¢‚í‚ä‚é‹@”\
Œêifunction wordj‚̂ق©‘S‚Ä‚ÌÚŽ«‚ªŠÜ‚Ü‚ê‚éB‚±‚Ì–{‚Å‚ÍA‚±‚ê‚ç‚Ì•›Œ`‘Ô‘f‚ðŠg
[ŽqiEPDj‚Æ“]Š·ŽqiCVTj‚Ì‚Q‚‚ɕª‚¯‚éBicf.2-7)
ø¢2-7-NT-(A)@m“]Š·ŽqEŠg[Žqn
convertori“]Š·Žqj‚Æ‚¢‚¤—pŒê‚ÍAAllerton, D.J.(pp.14-15)‚É‚æ‚éB‚½‚¾
‚µA“ú–{Œê–ó‚Í‘åêB
Allerton, D.J.(pp.14-15)‚ÍATesnièrei1959j‚Ì"translatif" ‚ɂӂêA
CONVERTOR, BASE‚Æ‚¢‚¤ŠT”O‚𓱓ü‚µ‚ÄŽŸ‚̂悤‚Éq‚ׂĂ¢‚éB
This is why Tesnièrei1959:361-72) accords to them the status of
"translatif", since he sees their essential syntactic function as that
of changing the class of their co-constituent into that of the whole
construction. A preposition, for instance, "translate" a noun (or noun
phrase) into an adverbial. We may call such an element a CONVERTOR and
give the label BASE to the elements they convert.
‚µ‚½‚ª‚Á‚ÄAAllerton, D.J.(pp.24-25)‚É‚æ‚ê‚ÎA—Ⴆ‚ÎAwith a new hat ‚Ì•ªÍ‚ÍŽŸ
‚̂悤‚È‚à‚̂ƂȂéB
1) with a new hat
(prep) (Det) (Adj)(N)
a) new(modifier) + hat(head)
b) a(specifier) + hat(core)
c) with(convertor) + a new hat(base)
Allerton(p.20) ‚ÍA‚Ü‚½A‚³‚ç‚Ɉê•à“¥‚Ýž‚ñ‚ÅA‚¢‚í‚ä‚écomplementizers
‚Ì to ‚â that ‚ȂǂàCONVERTOR‚Ƃ݂ȂµAŽŸ‚̂悤‚Éq‚ׂĂ¢‚éB
A more complex type of this pattern is seen in the use of complementizers
to and that to convert whole sentences to noun phrases.
‚Ü‚½A‚悎—‚½•ûŒü«‚ðŽ‚Â•ªÍ‚Æ‚µ‚ÄACelce-Murcia & Larsen-Freeman(19
83, p.13)‚ÍA‘O’uŽŒ‚ªŽž‚âꊂð•\‚·–¼ŽŒ‚Éu•›ŽŒ“I‚È‹@”\v‚ð—^‚¦‚éA‚Æ‚µ‚ÄŽŸ‚Ì‚æ
‚¤‚Éq‚ׂĂ¢‚éB
Note that prepositions are being used here to give nouns with temporal
(time) or positional(place) meaning an adverbial function. As a general
rule, nouns do not function on their own as adverbs in English. For
example, we have the following sentences where the nouns Monday and
home become adverbial with the help of the preceding prepositions:
2) Max will stay here until Monday.
3) Mr.Green works at home.
”Þ“™‚É‚æ‚邯A—Ⴆ‚ÎAPerhaps the boys work in the city. ‚̉ºü•”‚ÌŽ÷Œ`
}‚ÍŽŸ‚̂悤‚ɂȂéB
4) (in the city)
Advl
b
PP
^ _
P NP
(in) ^ _
det ‚m
(the) (city)
‚æ‚賊m‚É‚ÍAu•›ŽŒ“I‚È‹@”\v‚ł͂ȂAu•›ŽŒ‚ ‚é‚¢‚ÍŒ`—eŽŒ“I‚È‹@”\v‚Æ‚·‚é‚ׂ«
‚Å‚ ‚邯Žv‚í‚ê‚邪A“`““I‚È‘O’uŽŒ‚Æ‚¢‚¤•¶–@ƒJƒeƒSƒŠ|‚ð•iŽŒ“]Š·‚Æ‚¢‚¤ŠÏ“_‚łƂç
‚¦‚Ä‚¢‚é“_‚Å‹»–¡[‚¢B
@@@@‚È‚¨AexpanderiŠg[Žqj‚Íconvertori“]Š·Žqj‚Ƃ̑ΔäãAexpansion
iŠg[j‚©‚çì‚肾‚µ‚½B“ú–{Œê–ó‚à‘åêB
ø¢2-7-NT-(B)@m•›Œ`‘Ô‘f‚ÌŒ`F•t‰Á/“ü‚ê‘Ö‚¦/‘ã“ü/ƒ[ƒ•ω»‚È‚Çn
Šg[ŽqiEPDj‚â“]Š·ŽqiCVTj‚ÍC(i)•t‰Á‚Æ‚¢‚¤Œ`‚ð‚Æ‚é‚Ì‚ªˆê”Ê“I‚Å‚ ‚é
‚ªA(ii)“|’u‚â(iii)‘ã“ü‚â(iv)ƒ[ƒ•ω»‚Æ‚¢‚¤Œ`‚ð‚Æ‚é‚±‚Æ‚à‚ ‚éB
(i) •t‰Á (ii) “|’u
(unable) (income)
‚` ‚m
^ _ ^ _
EPD ‚` EPD ‚u
(un-) (able) (“|’u) (come in)
(iii) ‘ã“ü (iv) ƒ[ƒ•ω»
(monokini) (breakfast)
‚m ‚u
^ _ ^ _
EPD ‚m CVT ‚m
(mono-) (bikini) (
) (breakfast)
‚³‚ç‚ÉA‚±‚ê‚ç‚ð•¡”‘g‚݇‚킹‚½ˆê˜A‚Ì‘€ì‚ð‚ЂƂ‚̒PˆÊ‚Æ‚µ‚ÄŽg‚¤‚à‚Ì
(cf.19-3, 21-7)‚à‚ ‚éB