ø¢3-1-NT@mŒÅ—L–¼ŽŒi‚mproj|‰ÂŽZ–¼ŽŒi‚mcj|•s‰ÂŽZ–¼ŽŒi‚mujn
@@@@@”ª–Øip.226j‚É‚æ‚ê‚ÎA–¼ŽŒi‚mj‚É‚ÍAJohniƒWƒ‡ƒ“j, Londoniƒƒ“
ƒhƒ“j‚̂悤‚ÈŽwަ‘ÎÛ‚ª‹ï‘Ì“I‚ł͂Á‚«‚肵‚Ä‚¢‚éŒÅ—L–¼ŽŒ‚©‚çA‰½‚ç“Á’è‚ÌŽwަ‘Î
Û‚ª‚È‚¢beauty(”ü)‚̂悤‚È’ŠÛ–¼ŽŒ‚ÉŽŠ‚éu“Á’è«‚Ì’iŠKv(Specificity Hierarchy)
‚ª‚ ‚邯‚¢‚¤B
(i) ŒÅ—L–¼ŽŒ
(ii) the{•’Ê–¼ŽŒ
(iii) a {•’Ê–¼ŽŒ(•s“Á’èA•s’èj
(iv) a {•’Ê–¼ŽŒi«Ž¿j
(v) ‘Ì‚Ì the/a {•’Ê–¼ŽŒ
(vi) –³Š¥ŽŒ•’Ê–¼ŽŒA•¨Ž¿–¼ŽŒA’ŠÛ–¼ŽŒ
ˆê•ûA‚¢‚‚‚©‚Ì“Œê“IŠî€‚ðÝ‚¯‚Ä–¼ŽŒ‚̉ºˆÊ‹æ•ª‚ðŽŽ‚Ý‚é—§ê‚à‚ ‚éB
Quirk et al.(1985, pp.245-246)‚ÍAI saw .... ‚Æ‚¢‚¤•¶‚Ì ... ‚̂Ƃ±‚ë‚ÉŒ»‚ê‚é–¼
ŽŒ‚ðŽŸ‚Ì‚T‚‚̊ɂæ‚艺ˆÊ‹æ•ª‚µA
(i) ŒÀ’莌‚È‚µ‚ʼn”\‚©
(ii) the ‚ð‚Æ‚à‚È‚Á‚ĉ”\‚©
(iii) •s’èŠ¥ŽŒ‚ð‚Æ‚à‚È‚Á‚ĉ”\‚©
(iv) some ‚ð‚Æ‚à‚È‚Á‚Ä’P”Œ`‚ʼn”\‚©
(‚–) •¡”Œ`‚ɂȂÁ‚ĉ”\‚©
(i)‚ÌðŒ‚¾‚¯‚ð–ž‚½‚·ŒÅ—L–¼ŽŒ(ex. Sid)A(ii)(iii)(v)‚ð–ž‚½‚·‰ÂŽZ–¼ŽŒ(ex. book)A
(i)(ii)(iv)‚ð–ž‚½‚·•s‰ÂŽZ–¼ŽŒ(ex. furniture)A‚·‚ׂĂ𖞂½‚·‰ÂŽZ‚Å‚à‚ ‚è•s‰ÂŽZ
‚Å‚à‚ ‚é–¼ŽŒ(ex. brick)‚Æ‚¢‚¤‚悤‚É‚¨‚¨‚«‚‚SŽí—Þ‚Ì–¼ŽŒ‚É•ª‚¯‚邱‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚邯‚·
‚éB(Allan, K. pp.541-67 ‚É‚àŽ—‚½•ªÍ‚ ‚èj
@@@@@‚à‚Á‚Æ‚àA–¼ŽŒi‚mj‚̈Ӗ¡Ž©‘Ì‚à‚Ü‚½’ÊŽž“IA‹¤Žž“I‚Éí‚É‹ïÛ|’ŠÛ‚Ì
ŠÔ‚ð—h‚ê“®‚¢‚Ä‚¨‚èA‚±‚ê‚ç‚R‚‚̖¼ŽŒi‚mproA‚mcA‚muj‚ÌŠÔ‚ÌŠ_ª‚͈ӊO‚Æ’á‚¢B
1)a. Look at the Coke machine. (‚mpro)
b. Two cokes, please. (‚mc)
c. A glass of coke, please. (‚mu)
ø¢3-2-NT@mŒÅ—L–¼ŽŒi‚mprojn
Quirk et al.i1985, p.247)‚É‚æ‚ê‚ÎAŒÅ—L–¼ŽŒiproper nounj‚ÍA•¡”Œ`
‚ª‘¶Ý‚µ‚¤‚éA‚Æ‚¢‚¤“_‚Å noncount ‚ł͂ȂA
1) We have two Johns on our team.
2) There are about a dozen Springfields in the U.S.
ˆê•û‚ÅAu—BˆêAŒÅ—L‚Ìv‚Æ‚¢‚¤’è‹`ã‚Ì“Á’¥‚©‚çA‚±‚ê‚ç‚Í count ‚ł͂Ȃ¢B
‚µ‚½‚ª‚Á‚ÄAQuirk et al.(p247)‚ÍAŒÅ—L–¼ŽŒiproper nounsj‚ð count ‚Å
‚ànoncount ‚Å‚à‚È‚¢‚à‚̂Ƃµ‚ÄŽŸ‚̂悤‚É•ª—Þ‚·‚éB
3) nouns ¨ common ¨ count
proper
noncount
‚Ü‚½ACelce-Murcia & Larsen-Freeman(1999, p.272)‚àA‚Ü‚¸‚mpro‚ð؂藣
‚µAŽc‚è‚Ì‚à‚Ì‚ð‚mc‚Æ‚mu‚É•ª‚¯‚铯—l‚Ì•ª—Þ‚ð‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚éB‚±‚Ì–{‚ł͂±‚̂܂Ƃߕû‚É
]‚Á‚½B‚±‚±‚ÅAŠwK‰p•¶–@‚Æ‚µ‚ÄÅ‘å‚̃|ƒCƒ“ƒg‚ÍANpro‚¾‚¯‚ªí‚É‘å•¶Žš‚Å‘‚«Žn
‚ß‚ç‚ê‚邯‚¢‚¤‚±‚Ƃł ‚낤B
ø¢3-3-NT-(A)@m‰ÂŽZ–¼ŽŒi‚mcj‚Æ•s‰ÂŽZ–¼ŽŒi‚mujn
Œ‹‹ÇAQuirk et al.(1985, p.251)‚ÌŒ¾‚¤‚悤‚ÉA(˜a–ó‚Í]ìAp.10‚É‚æ‚é)
It may be noted that, apart from a tendency for concrete nouns to be
count and for abstract nouns to be noncount, there is no necessary
connection between the classes of nouns and the entities to which they
refer.
i‹ï‘Ì“I‚È‚à‚͉̂ŽZ–¼ŽŒA’ŠÛ“I‚È‚à‚͕̂s‰ÂŽZ–¼ŽŒ‚Æ‚¢‚¤ˆê”Ê“I‚ÈŒXŒü‚Í‚ ‚é
‚ªA‰ÂŽZ‚Æ•s‰ÂŽZ‚Ì‹æ•ʂ͂»‚Ì–¼ŽŒ‚ÌŽ¦‚·Ž–•¨‚ÌŽÀ‘ԂƂ͕K‘R“I‚ÈŠÖŒW‚͂Ȃ¢j
‚ƂȂèA‰ÂŽZ‚Æ•s‰ÂŽZ‚Ì–â‘è‚ÍAŠî–{“I‚É‚ÍAu‚ЂƂÂA‚Ó‚½‚‚Ɣ‚¦‚ç‚ê‚éi‚ÆŽv‚¤
j‚©‚Ç‚¤‚©v‚Æ‚¢‚¤”Fޝ‚Ì–â‘è‚Æ‚È‚éB
Swan M.(1995, p.136)‚ÍA"separate", "clear boundaries" ‚Æ‚¢‚¤ƒL|ƒ|ƒh
‚ðŽg‚Á‚Ä‚±‚Ì”Fޝ‚Ì–â‘è‚ðà–¾‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚éB
Countable nouns are the names of separate objects, people, ideas etc
which can be counted. We can use numbers and the article a/an with
countable nouns;they have plurals.
1)a. a cat two cats
b. a newspaper two newspapers
Uncountable(or 'mass') nouns are the names of materials, liquids,
abstract qualities, collections and other things which we see as masses
without clear boundaries, and not as separate objects,... most are
singular with no plurals.
2)a. *a water *two waters
b. *a weather *two weathers
‰ÂŽZ|•s‰ÂŽZ‚ª”Fޝ‚Ì–â‘肾‚Æ‚·‚邯A“¯‚¶‰pŒê‚ð˜b‚·ƒlƒCƒeƒCƒuƒXƒs[ƒJ[
‚Ì’†‚É‚à”Fޝ‚Ì‘Šˆá‚ª‹N‚±‚蓾‚邵AŒ»‚É‹N‚±‚Á‚Ä‚¢‚éB Swan, M.(p.138j‚É‚æ‚ê‚ÎA
British ‚Æ American ‚ÅŽŸ‚̂悤‚É—p–@‚ª‚¿‚ª‚¤‚à‚Ì‚à‚ ‚邯Œ¾‚¤B
3)a. Love isn't as bad as toothache. (GB)
b. Love isn't as bad as a toothache. (US)
@@ “–‘RA‰pŒê‚Å”‚¦‚ç‚ê‚È‚¢‚ÆŠ´‚¶‚ç‚ê‚é–¼ŽŒi‚muj‚ª‘¼‚ÌŒ¾Œê‚ł͔‚¦‚ç‚ê
‚éi‚mcj‚ÆŠ´‚¶‚ç‚ê‚邯‚¢‚¤‚±‚Ƃ͂µ‚΂µ‚΋N‚±‚éBŠwKŽÒ‚ªŠÔˆá‚¢‚â‚·‚¢‰pŒê‚Ì•s‰Â
ŽZ–¼ŽŒi‚muj‚Ì—á‚Æ‚µ‚Ä‚ÍAŽŸ‚̂悤‚È‚à‚Ì‚ª‚ ‚°‚ç‚ê‚éB(cf.Quirk et al. 1985,
p.252)
4) abuse, accomodation, advice, anger, applause, baggage,
behaviour, bread, business, cash, chaos, chess, chewing
gum, conduct, courage, dancing, education, equipment,
evidence, fun, furniture, grass, harm, homework,
hospitality, information, interest, knowledge, leisure,
luck, money, moonlight, music, news, parking, photography,
publicity, refuse, research, resistance, rubbish, safety,
scenery, shopping, smoking, sunshine, traffic, violence,
work, etc.
ø¢3-3-NT-(B)@m•s‰ÂŽZ–¼ŽŒi‚muj‚Ì‚¢‚ë‚¢‚ën
Davis, P.(Appendix 3)‚É‚ÍASome Categories of Non-count Nouns ‚Æ‚µ‚Ä
ŽŸ‚̂悤‚ȗႪ‚ ‚éB
A.Substance with no definite units
Solid:butter, gold, paper, etc.
Liquid:coffee, glue, honey, etc.
Gas:air, oxygen, smog, etc.
B.Substances with units too small to count
corn, hair, rice, etc.
C.General categories made up of subcategories
food(apples, carrots, cookies, etc.)
fruit(grapes, oranges, pineapples, etc.)
furniture(chairs, tables, lamps, etc.)
D.Conditions
darkness, rain, fatigue, etc.
E.Abstract Concepts
anger, happiness, justice, patience, etc.
F.Academic subjects, fields
biology, history, linguistics, etc.
G.Languages
Chinese, German, Indonesian, etc.
H.Gerunds
fishing, smoking, over-eating, etc.
I.Plural non-count nouns
cattle, clothes, pants, police, etc.
ø¢3-3-NT-(C)@mpoem vs poetryn
poem/poetry ‚̂悤‚ÉŽ—‚½ˆÓ–¡‚ðŽ‚¿A‚µ‚½‚ª‚Á‚ÄA‰‹‰ŠwKŽÒ‚É‚Íu‹«ŠEüv
‚ªŒ©‚¦‚É‚‚¢ƒyƒA‚ɂ͑¼‚ÉŽŸ‚̂悤‚È‚à‚Ì‚ª‚ ‚éB
1) many traffic jams much traffic congestion
2) many machines much machinery
3) many jobs much work
4) many comments much commentary
5) many bags much baggage/luggage
ø¢3-3-NT-(D)@mŽ«‘‚Ì ‚mc‚Æ‚mun
”ª–Øipp.213ff)‚É‚æ‚ê‚ÎAʼn‚É–¼ŽŒi‚mj‚É‚bC‚t‚Ì•\ަ‚ð‚‚¯‚邿‚¤‚É
‚È‚Á‚½Ž«‘‚Í ISED(Idiomatic and Syntactic English Dictionary, ŠJ‘ñŽÐ, 1942j‚â
u–¾‰ð‰p˜aŽ«“TV’ù”ÅviŽOÈ“°A1950j‚Å‚ ‚邪Aŋ߂ł͂»‚Ì—L—p«‚É‹^–â•„‚ª‚Â
‚«‚Í‚¶‚߂Ă¢‚邯‚¢‚¤B‚»‚ê‚Ç‚±‚ë‚©Aã¼icf.”ª–ØAp.227)‚̂悤‚È‚bA‚t‚̃Œ[
ƒxƒ‹•s—v˜_A‚ ‚é‚¢‚Í—LŠQ˜_‚̂ق¤‚ªà“¾—Í‚ª‚ ‚邯‚¢‚¤B‚Ƃ͌¾‚¦A•êŒê‚ɉŽZ|•s
‰ÂŽZ‚Ì‹æ•Ê‚ðŽ‚½‚È‚¢‰pŒêŠwKŽÒ‚ÉA‚È‚‚Æ‚à‰pŒê‚ɂ͂»‚Ì‹æ•Ê‚ª‚ ‚邱‚Æ‚ð‹³‚¦‚é
‚±‚Ƃ͊wK‰p•¶–@‚Ì–±‚߂ł ‚邯Žv‚¤B
ø¢3-4-NT@mmany @@ vs much @@n
ŠwK‰p•¶–@‚Å‚ÍAˆê”Ê‚ÉA•s’èŠ¥ŽŒa(n) ‚ª‚‚¯‚ΉŽZA‚‚©‚È‚¯‚ê‚Εs‰ÂŽZ
‚Æ‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ª‘½‚¢B‚µ‚©‚µA•s’èŠ¥ŽŒ‚ª‚‚‚±‚Æ‚ª‚·‚Ȃ킿‰ÂŽZ«‚Ì•\‚ê‚Æ‚¢‚¤‚킯‚Å
‚͂Ȃ¢B—Ⴆ‚ÎA”ª–Øip.218)‚ÍAŽŸ‚̂悤‚È—á‚ÅA
1)a. We ordered a coffee.
b. A silence dropped between them.
1-a)‚ÌŠ¥ŽŒ a ‚Í”‚ð•\‚µA1-b) ‚Ì a ‚Í‚¢‚í‚ä‚éŽí—Þ‚ð•\‚·—p–@‚Å *one silence ‚Æ‚Í
Œ¾‚¦‚È‚¢‚Æ‚·‚éB‚‚܂èA1-b)‚Ì a ‚͉ŽZ«‚ð•\‚·‚à‚̂ł͂Ȃ¢‚Æ‚¢‚¤B
‚Ü‚½ASwan,M.(p.139)‚ɂ͎Ÿ‚̂悤‚ȗႪ‚ ‚éB
2)a. My parents wanted me to have a good education.
b. *My parents wanted me to have good education.
‚½‚¾‚µA
3)a. My father enjoys very good health.
b. *My father enjoys a very good health.
education ‚à health ‚à‚Æ‚à‚É•s‰ÂŽZ–¼ŽŒi‚muj‚Å‚ ‚邪AŒ`—eŽŒ‚ð‚Æ‚à‚È‚¤‚Æ educa
tion ‚Í a(n) ‚Æ‹¤‹N‚·‚邪Ahealth ‚Í‚µ‚È‚¢B‚±‚̂悤‚ÉA•s’èŠ¥ŽŒ‚ª‚‚‚±‚Æ‚ª‚·
‚Ȃ킿‰ÂŽZ«‚Ì•\‚ê‚Æ‚¢‚¤‚킯‚ł͂Ȃ¢B
‚±‚ê‚ɑ΂µADowning & Locke(pp.422-423)‚ÍAŽŸ‚Ì‚W‚Â‚Ì markersi1`8j
‚ðݒ肵A
1.
{’P”Œ`‚ª‚ ‚é‚©
2. all{’P”Œ`‚ª‚ ‚é‚©
3. much{’P”Œ`‚ª‚ ‚é‚©
4. a(n){’P”Œ`‚ª‚ ‚é‚©
5. each{’P”Œ`‚ª‚ ‚é‚©
6. number contrast on noun ‚ª‚ ‚é‚©
7. many{•¡”Œ`‚ª‚ ‚é‚©
8. verb, pron ‚Ƃ̔‚̌ĉž‚ ‚é‚©
–¼ŽŒi‚m)‚Ì countability ‚ɂ͎Ÿ‚Ì‚U‚Â‚Ì degrees (A `F)‚ª‚ ‚邯Žå’£‚·‚éB
4)
‚±‚ê‚É‚æ‚ê‚ÎA—Ⴆ‚ÎA
5) drinking ƒ rain ƒ oil ƒ the Alps ƒ sheep ƒ car
‚̂悤‚ÉAFULLY MASS ‚Ì drinking ‚©‚ç FULLY COUNT ‚Ì car ‚܂łª•À‚ÔB
‚±‚ÌƒŠƒXƒg‚Ì a(n)/many/much ‚̂Ƃ±‚ë‚ðŒ©‚Ä‚¢‚½‚¾‚«‚½‚¢B‚±‚ê‚É‚æ‚邯A
COUNT-MASS ‚Ì‹æ•ʂɂÍAa(n) ‚Ì‚ ‚é‚È‚µ‚æ‚è‚àAmany/much ‚É‚æ‚鎯•Ê–@‚Ì•û‚ª—LŒø‚Æ
Žv‚í‚ê‚éB‚»‚±‚ÅA‚±‚Ì–{‚Å‚Ía(n) ‚ª‚‚‚©‚‚©‚È‚¢‚©‚ł͂ȂAmany ‚ª‚‚‚© much
‚ª‚‚‚©‚Æ‚¢‚¤Šî€‚É‚æ‚Á‚Ä‚mc‚Æ‚mu‚ð‹æ•Ê‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ð’ñˆÄ‚·‚éBŒ‹‹ÇA‚±‚Ì–{‚Å‚ÍA
m{‘å•¶ŽšnA[{many @@nA[{much @@n‚Ì‚R‚‚̓Á’¥‚Å‚mproA‚mcA‚mu ‚ð‹æ•Ê
‚·‚邱‚ƂɂȂéB
ø¢3-5-NT@ mweather/cattle/tear/kindnessn
@@@@‚m‚ƒA‚mu ‚Ì‹æ•Ê‚ª‚ނ‚©‚µ‚¢‚à‚̂Ƃµ‚ÄA‚»‚Ì‘¼B
@@@@@@1)a. *a weather [-count] (Quirk et al. 1985, p.252)
b. *a lot of weather [-non-count]
c. some bad weather [+non-count]
d. go out in all weathers [+count]
2)a. *much cattle
b. many cattle
c. *two cattle
d. * a cattle
3)a. A tear fell down her cheek.
b. *Three tears fell down her cheek.
c. Three teardrops fell down her cheek.
d. Two tears(=tear drops) gathered and fell from her eyes.
iˆÀˆäA1982,p.57)
4)a. I think it would be a kindness to tell him the bad news.[LDCE2]
b. *He showed me two kindnesses at that time.
c. They showed me many kindnesses during my visit.[WBD2]
iӻЯAp.218j
ø¢3-6-NT-(A)@mPartitive Constructionn
@@@@@@Celce-Murcia & Larsen-Freeman(1999, pp.326-328)‚â Quirk et al.(1985,
p.249)‚ÍAa part of a whole ‚ð•\‚· a drop of water ‚̂悤‚ÈŒ`‚ð partitive
constructions ‚ƌĂÔB–{•¶’†‚Ì—á‚àŠÜ‚ß—á‚ð‚ ‚°‚邯B
‚`
an acre of land/orchard
an article of clothing
an atom of truth
‚a
a ball of yarn
a bar of chocolate/soap/gold
a bit of luck/information/good news
a blade of grass
a block of ice/seats
a bottle of beer/catsup/champagne/whisky
a bowl of soup/cereal/rice/salad
a box of candies/chocolates
a bunch of toilet paper/grapes
‚b
a can of oil
a carton of cigarettes/eggs
a clap of thunder
a column of smoke
a crowd of people
a cup of coffee/sugar/tea
a cut of lamb/meat
‚c
a deck of cards
a dollop of whipped cream
a drop of water/dew/oil/vinegar
‚d
an ear of corn
‚e
a flock of birds/sheep
a foot of copper wire
‚f
a gallon of gas
a grain of truth/corn/rice/sand
a glass of beer/milk/water
‚g
a head of cabbage/lettuce
a hectare of land
a herd of cattle/elephants
a helping of potatoes
‚h
an item of information/news/furniture
‚i
a jar of honey/jam/pickles
‚j
a kernel of corn
a kilo of apples
‚k
a liter of wine/gas
a loaf of bread
a lump of coal/lead/sugar
‚l
a meter of cloth
a mile of cable
‚n
an ounce of tobacco
‚o
a pack of cigarettes
a pair of scissors/trousers/tongs
a pat of butter
a piece of bread/good news/advice/luck
a pint of milk
a portion of the budget
a pound of butter
‚p
a quart of milk/ice cream
‚q
a rate of interest
a roll of toilet paper
a round of applause
‚r
a sack of potatoes
a school of fish
a section of the newspaper
a series of incidents/concerts/lectures
a serving of ice cream
a set of furniture/dishes/napkins/tires
a sheet of paper/metal/ice
a slice of bread/bacon/cake/meat
a speck of dust/dirt
a spoonful of sugar/vinegar/cough syrup
a sprig of parseley
a stalk of celery
a stick of butter
a stream of water
a string of beads/pearls
a strip of cloth/land/paper/wood/tape
a stroke of luck
a suit of clothing/clothes/armour
‚s
a ton of coal
a tube of toothpaste/glue/paint
‚v
a word of advice/info/abuse
‚x
a yard of fabric/ribbon/carpeting
ø¢3-6-NT-(B)@ma pair of scissors/trousers/etc.n
@@@@@scissors ‚ªAˆê”Ê“I‚Èu‚Í‚³‚Ýv‚ð‚³‚·ê‡‚É‚ÍA–³Š¥ŽŒ‚ÅŽg‚í‚ê‚éB
1) Never poke scissors into a light bulb socket. (–Ȋтق©Ap.72)
‚Ü‚½Aˆê’š‚̂Ƃ«‚Í some scissors ‚à a pair of scissors ‚àŽg‚í‚ê‚éB‚³‚ç‚ÉAŽŸ‚Ì
these scissors ‚ÍAˆê’š‚à“ñ’šˆÈã‚à‚³‚µ‚¤‚é‚̂ŠambiguousB
2) These scissors are very sharp. iˆÀˆäA1982, p.57)
‚Ü‚½Atwo pairs of trousers ‚Ì‘ã‚í‚è‚ÉAtwo trousers ‚Æ‚µ‚½‚èAa pair
of scissors ‚Ì ‘ã‚í‚è‚É a scissors ‚Æ‚·‚é‚Ì‚Í infml. ‚Å‚ ‚éB(Quirk et al. 1985,
p.300)
‚½‚¾‚µA‚±‚ê‚ç‚à attributive use ‚ł͒P”Œ`‚ƂȂéB
3) a trouser leg, a pajama top, etc.
ø¢3-7-NT@mpartitive construction? EPD?n
ŽŸ‚Ì1j‚Æ2)‚̃Oƒ‹[ƒv‚Å‚ÍA‚»‚Ì«Ž¿‚É‘½ˆá‚¢‚ª‚ ‚éB
1)a. a carton of eggs [partitive construction]
b. a pack of cigarettes
2)a. a lot of fun [EPD]
b. a kind of artist
1)‚Í partitive construction ‚Å‚ ‚邪A2)‚Í‚à‚Í‚âˆêŽí‚Ì EPD ‚Æ‚µ‚Ĉµ‚¤‚ׂ«‚à‚Ì‚©
‚à‚µ‚ê‚È‚¢B‚½‚¾‚µAŽŸ‚̂悤‚È—á‚ÅAa piece of ‚È‚Ç‚Í EPD ‚Ƃ͌¾‚¦‚È‚¢‚Å‚ ‚낤B
3)a. a piece of a loaf
b. a branch of a tree
c. a page of a book
d. a verse of a poem
•Ï‚èŽí‚Æ‚µ‚Ä‚ÍAŽŸ‚Ì4)‚̂悤‚É of ‚ª optional ‚È‚à‚Ì‚à‚ ‚邪A
4)a. a dozen Springfields
b. =a dozen (of) Springfields
ˆê•û‚ÅAof ‚Ì‚ ‚éA‚È‚µA‚ł͂Á‚«‚è‚Æ‚µ‚½Žg‚¢•ª‚¯‚ð‚·‚é‚à‚Ì‚à‚ ‚éB(¬“cA‰ºA
p.26)
5)a. Most books are interesting.[most+•s“Á’è‚Ì‚à‚Ì‚ð‚³‚·–¼ŽŒ]
b. *Most of books are interesting.
6)a. Most of the books on the table are mine.[most of+“Á’è`]
b. *Most the books on the table are mine.
(some of, many of, all of ‚à“¯‚¶B¬“cA‰ºApp.28-29)
‚Ü‚½AŽŸ‚̂悤‚ÉŒ`—eŽŒ‚ð‚Æ‚à‚È‚¤ê‡A
7)a. a pair of new shoes
b. a new pair of shoes
‚Ì—¼Œ`‚ð”F‚ß‚é‚à‚Ì‚ª‚ ‚邪A7)‚Ìê‡A’†ìip.111, Alta Vista j‚É‚æ‚ê‚ÎA7-a)
‚ª‚Q‚WŒA7-b) ‚ª‚R‚R‚OŒ‚ƈ³“|“I‚É 7-b) ‚̂ق¤‚ªˆê”Ê“I‚Å‚ ‚邯‚¢‚¤B
‚¿‚Ȃ݂ÉAQuirk et al.(1985, p.251)‚ÍA‚±‚̂悤‚ÈŒ`‚ðŽŸ‚Ì‚æ‚¤‚É•ªÍ
‚·‚éB
8)a. a hot [cup of tea] = a cup of hot tea
b. a good [stroke of luck] = a stroke of good luck
c. a beautiful [pair of legs] = a pair of beautiful legs