‘æ‚hÍ@Šî–{‚U•iŽŒ y‹³Žt—pƒm[ƒgz


‚k‚d‚r‚r‚n‚m@‚S@@ŽåŒ`‘Ô‘f„Ÿ„ŸŒ`—eŽŒi‚`j

 ø¢4-1-NT@m–¼ŽŒ‚ÌŠg[i‚`{‚mjn 
         Œ`—eŽŒi‚`j‚Æ–¼ŽŒi‚m j‚Ì‘Š«ŠÖŒW‚É‚ÍAŽŸ‚̂悤‚ÉŠO‘lŠwKŽÒ‚É‚Í‚«
‚í‚߂ē‚¢‚à‚Ì‚à‚ ‚éB
                   1)a.  short +  time/distance
                     b.  brief +  time/*distance
                   2)a.  high +  mountain/*player
                     b.  tall +  *mountain/player
         ‚Q‚‚̌`—eŽŒi‚`j‚ª—ÞŽ—‚̈Ӗ¡‚ðŽ‚‚©‚ç‚Æ‚¢‚Á‚Ä“¯‚¶–¼ŽŒi‚mj‚ðŠg[‚Å
‚«‚é‚Æ‚ÍŒÀ‚ç‚È‚¢A‚Æ‚¢‚¤ã‹L‚̂悤‚ÈŒ»Û‚ð‹³ŽºŒ»ê‚Åà“¾—Í‚ ‚éŒ`‚Åà–¾‚·‚邱‚Æ 
‚͂ނ‚©‚µ‚¢Bã‚Ì—á‚ÅŒ¾‚¦‚ÎAshort ‚Æ brief‚Ì‚³‚ç‚È‚éˆÓ–¡“I‰ºˆÊ‹æ•ª‚Ìà–¾‚ª•K 
—v‚Æ‚È‚é‚©‚ç‚Å‚ ‚éBŠwK‰p•¶–@‚Å‚ÍA‚Þ‚µ‚ëA‘g‚݇‚킹‚ÌuŠµ—p«v‚Æ‚¢‚¤‚±‚Æ‚Å 
‘Ήž‚µ‚Ä—Ç‚¢‚ÆŽv‚¤B
        ‚Ü‚½A‚±‚Ì‚`{‚m‚Ì‘g‚݇‚킹‚ÍA‚Ç‚ÌŒ¾Œê‚É‚à‹¤’Ê‚·‚é‚Æ‚¢‚¤‚킯‚Å‚Í‚È‚¢ 
‚»‚ê‚ðŽ¦‚·‚ЂƂ‚̗á‚Æ‚µ‚ÄA
                   3)a.  baby boyi–Ô‚¿‚á‚ñ‚Ì’jj
                     b. *boy babyi’j‚ÌÔ‚¿‚á‚ñj

 ø¢4-3-NT-(A)@mŒã’u‚ÌŒ`—eŽŒi‚m{‚`jn 
         Quirk et al.(1972, p.116)‚É‚ÍAŒ`—eŽŒi‚`j‚ª–¼ŽŒi‚mj‚Ì‘O‚ɂ‚­ê‡ 
‚ÆŒã‚ɂ‚­ê‡‚ňӖ¡‚ªˆÙ‚È‚é—Ⴊ‚ ‚éB
              ...Thus, the stars visible refers to stars that are visible
            at a time specified or implied, while the visible stars refers
            to a category of stars that can (at appropriate times) be seen.

 ø¢4-3-NT-(B)@mƒnƒCƒtƒ“‚‚«‚ÌŒ`—eŽŒi‚`jn 
         ‹t‚ÉA‘O’u‚µ‚©‚³‚ê‚È‚¢Œ`—eŽŒi‚`j‚Æ‚µ‚Ä‚ÍAŽŸ‚̂悤‚ȃnƒCƒtƒ“‚‚«Œ`—e
ŽŒi‚`j‚ª‚ ‚éB
              1)   hand-me-down clothes
                   i‚¨‰º‚ª‚è‚Ì•žj
              2)   user-friendly system
                   iŽg‚¢‚â‚·‚¢ƒVƒXƒeƒ€j
              3)   would-be bride
                   i‰Ô‰Å‚É‚È‚é‚Í‚¸‚Ìlj
              4)   now-I-can-tell-you story
                   i¡‚¾‚©‚ç˜b‚¹‚é˜bj
              5)   gee-I-should-have-thought-of-that tone
                   i‚È‚é‚Ù‚ÇA‚»‚ê‚àl‚¦‚Ä‚¨‚­‚ׂ«‚¾‚Á‚½‚Æ‚¢‚¤Œû’²j
         ‚±‚ê‚ç‚̃nƒCƒtƒ“‚‚«Œ`—eŽŒ‚ÍAÅ‹ß‚Ì journalese ‚Ì“Á’¥‚Å‚à‚ ‚éB‚¿‚È‚Ý
‚ÉA1991”N‚Ì Time ‚ð‚Rû’²‚ׂ½‚Æ‚±‚ëAƒnƒCƒtƒ“‚‚«‡¬Œê1030Œê‚Ì‚¤‚¿A‚»‚Ì‚Ù‚Æ‚ñ
‚Ç‚ªŒ`—eŽŒi‚`j‚Æ‚µ‚Ä‚Ì—p–@‚Å‚ ‚Á‚½B
              6)a. ‚`—p–@F‚W‚P‚SŒê
                b. ‚m—p–@F‚Q‚O‚SŒê
                c. ‚u—p–@F‚XŒê
                d. ‚`‚c—p–@F‚RŒê

 ø¢4-4-NT@mOrderingn 
         Celce-Murcia & Larsen-Freemani1999, pp.393-394j‚É‚æ‚ê‚ÎA•¡”‚ÌŒ`—eŽŒ
ŠÔ‚Ì ordering ‚ɂ‚¢‚Ä‚ÍŽŸ‚̂悤‚ÈæsŒ¤‹†‚ª‚ ‚éB
         (i)Sledd(1959)   (ex.both (of) John's last quite rare history books)
        (ii)Bailey(1975)  (ex.an ugly old gray wooden statue)
       (iii)Svatko(1979)  (ex.an ugly big round chipped old blue French vase)
         ‚½‚¾‚µA‚R‚ˆÈã‚Ì•À—ñ‚̓}ƒŒ‚Å‚µ‚©‚à‚»‚̇˜‚Í‚µ‚΂µ‚Γü‚ê‚©‚í‚é‚Æ‚¢
‚¤BŠwK‰p•¶–@‚Æ‚µ‚Ä‚ÍADowning & Locke(p.485)‚É‚È‚ç‚Á‚ÄŽŸ‚̂悤‚È‚Ü‚Æ‚ß•û‚Å‚Ç
‚¤‚Å‚ ‚낤‚©B
         (i)ƒˆ‚ÈŒ`—eŽŒ¨–¼ŽŒ‚Á‚Û‚¢Œ`—eŽŒi¨–¼ŽŒj
        (ii)ƒTƒCƒY¨”N”¨Œ`¨Fi¨–¼ŽŒj
       (iii)’Z‚¢Œ`—eŽŒ¨’·‚¢Œ`—eŽŒi¨–¼ŽŒj
        (iv)ˆê”Ê“I‚ÈŒ`—eŽŒ¨ƒ}ƒŒ‚ÈŒ`—eŽŒi¨–¼ŽŒj
‚¿‚È‚Ý‚ÉAQuirk et al.i1985, p.437j‚ÍAŽŸ‚̂悤‚É‚Ü‚Æ‚ß‚Ä‚¢‚éB
        (i) PRECENTRAL:certain, definite, sheer, complete, ...
       (ii) CENTRAL:hungry, ugly, funny, stupid, silent, rich, ...
      (iii) POSTCENTRAL:retired, sleeping, red, ...
       (iv) PREHEAD:Austrian, Midwestern, statistical, political, ...
            (least adjectival and the most nominal)

 ø¢4-5-NT-(A)@m‚mH{‚m‚mn 
         Quirk et al.(1985, p.410)‚ÍŽŸ‚̂悤‚È“Œê“I——R‚©‚çAthe bus station ‚Ì
bus ‚ÍA‚`‚Å‚Í‚È‚­‚m‚Å‚ ‚é‚Æ‚·‚éB‚‚܂èA‚m{‚m‚m‚ÌŒ`‚ð”F‚ß‚Ä‚¢‚邱‚Æ‚É‚È‚éB
             1)a.  the large station          the bus station
               b.  The station seems large.  *The station seems bus.
               c.  a very large station      *a very bus station 
               d.  a larger station          *a busser station 
         ‚Ü‚½Aˆê•û‚ÅAQuirk et al.(1985, p.411)‚Å‚ÍA
             2)a.  garden tools=tools for the garden
               b.  the city council = the council for the city
               c.  a stone wall= a wall of stone
‚̂悤‚É•ªÍ‚µAˆÓ–¡“I‚É‚Í–¼ŽŒi‚mj‚ªŒ`—eŽŒi‚`j‚É•Ïg‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚邱‚Æ‚ð”F‚ß‚Ä‚¢
‚éB
         ‚±‚Ì–{‚Å‚ÍA‚m{‚m‚m‚Æ‚¢‚¤‘g‚݇‚킹‚ð”F‚ß‚È‚¢‚Æ‚¢‚¤—§ê‚ð‚Æ‚é‚Ì‚ÅA
‚m{‚m‚Ìʼn‚Ì‚m‚͉½‚ç‚©‚Ì‚©‚ç‚­‚è‚Å‚`‚É•Ïg‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚é‚Æl‚¦‚´‚é‚ð‚¦‚È‚¢B‚±‚Ì–{ 
‚Å‚ÍA–¼ŽŒi‚mj‚ÌŒ`—eŽŒi‚`j‰»‚ÉŽŸ‚Ì‚S‚‚̌^‚ð‘z’è‚·‚éBã‚Ì bus station ‚ÍŽŸ

‚Ì child care ‚Æ“¯‚¶—p–@‚Æ‚¢‚¤‚±‚Æ‚É‚È‚éBicf. 8-6[OM-NI CVT ])

             3)a.  the child care (child{CVT())

               b.  the childish trick (child{CVT(-ish))
               c.  the child's mother (child{CVT(-'s))
               d.  the memory of the child (CVT(of){the child)

 ø¢4-5-NT-(B)@mcompound stress patternn cf.2-3m•¡‡Œê]  
          ‚±‚ê‚ç ‚m{‚m ‚©‚ç‚È‚é•¡‡Œê‚É‚Í characteristic stress pattern ‚ª‚ ‚é
(Givón,T. p.259)B‚‚܂èAprimary word-stress ‚ª•K‚¸ compounds ‚Ìʼn‚Ì–¼ŽŒ(‚m)
‚É‚­‚é‚Ì‚Å‚ ‚éB
            1)a.  a BIRD-house (a house where birds live)
              b. *a bird-HOUSE
            2)a.  a MAIL-man (a person who delivers the mail)
              b. *a mail-MAN
         ‚¿‚È‚Ý‚ÉA‚`{‚m ‚©‚ç‚È‚é•¡‡Œê‚ÌꇂàA•¡‡Œê‚È‚Ì‚©A’P‚È‚é‚`{‚m‚È‚Ì 
‚©‚Í‚±‚Ì stress pattern ‚É‚æ‚Á‚Ä‚í‚©‚éB
            3)a.  a BLACK-bird (a species of birds)
              b.  a black BIRD (any bird that is black) 
            4)a.  a WHITE House (the President's residence)
              b.  a white HOUSE (a house that is white)

 ø¢4-6-NT-(A)@m‚U’iŠK‚Ì‚`‚Á‚Û‚³n 
         Quirk et al.(1985, pp.402-404) ‚ÍAŒ`—eŽŒ(‚`)‚ÉŽŸ‚̂悤‚È‚S‚‚̊î€
‚ðݒ肵A
            (i) in attributive function 
                     ex.an ugly painting, the round table 
           (ii) in predicative function
                     ex.The painting is ugly.
          (iii) very +
                     ex.The children are very happy.
           (iv) comparative and superlative 
                     ex. The children are happier now.
                         They are the happiest people I know.
‚¢‚ë‚¢‚ë‚ÌŒ`—eŽŒ‚ðAã‚Ì (i) `(iv) ‚É‚æ‚艺ˆÊ‹æ•ª‚·‚é‚ÆA‚»‚ÌuŒ`—eŽŒ‚Á‚Û‚³v
‚ɉž‚¶‚ÄŽŸ‚̂悤‚É‚U‚‚̃^ƒCƒv([1]`[6])‚É•ª‚©‚ê‚é‚Æ‚µ‚½B
                         (i)      (ii)     (iii)      (iv) 
         [1] hungry      {        {        {        {
         [2] infinite    {        {        |        |
         [3] old         {        |        {        {
         [4] afraid      H        {        {        {
         [5] utter       {        |        |        |
         [6] asleep      |        {        |        |
‚»‚µ‚ÄA [1]-[2]‚ðcentral adjectivesA[3]-[6]‚ðperipheral adjectives ‚ƌĂÔB
i‚½‚¾‚µAJohn is old. ‚Í‚n‚j‚È‚Ì‚Å [3]‚Ì(ii)‚Í |‚Å‚Í‚È‚­{‚Å‚ ‚낤j
          ‚±‚̂悤‚ÉŒ`—eŽŒi‚`)‚ð‚»‚ÌuŒ`—eŽŒ‚Á‚Û‚³v‚ɉž‚¶‚Ä‚¢‚­‚‚©‚ɉºˆÊ‹æ•ª
‚ð‚µ‚Ä‚àAŠî–{“I‚É‚ÍA‚Q‚‚̌`—eŽŒi‚`j‚̈Ӗ¡‚ªŽ—‚Ä‚¢‚é‚©‚ç‚Æ‚¢‚Á‚Ä“¯‚¶•¶–@“I
‚Ó‚é‚Ü‚¢‚ð‚·‚éA‚Æ‚Í‚©‚¬‚ç‚È‚¢B‰º‚Ì—á‚©‚ç‚àA‚»‚ꂼ‚ê‚Ì—Þ‹`Œê‚ªˆÙ‚È‚Á‚½“Œê“I
‚È“Á’¥‚ð‚à‚Á‚Ä‚¢‚邱‚Ƃ͈ê–Ú—Ä‘R‚Å‚ ‚éB
              1)a. It's likely/probable that he'll be late. (ӻЯAp.57)
                b. He is likely/*probable to be late.
              2)a. The child was sick/ill/poorly/unwell.
                b. A sick/?ill/*poorly/*unwell child was lying in the bed.
          ‚È‚¨A”ª–Øip.57j‚É‚æ‚ê‚ÎAHudson et al.(1996)‚É‚ÍA—Þ‹`Œê‚Ì’†‚Ì
(i)ˆÙ‚È‚Á‚½“ŒêŒ`Ž®‚ð‚Æ‚é‚à‚ÌA(ii)•¶–@‹@”\‚ªˆÙ‚È‚é‚à‚ÌA(iii)CüŒê‘I‘ð‚ª
ˆÙ‚È‚é‚à‚ÌA(ivIŒê‡‚ªˆÙ‚È‚é‚à‚̂ɂ‚¢‚ÄÚ‚µ‚¢‰ðà‚ª‚ ‚é‚Æ‚¢‚¤B

 ø¢4-6-NT-(B)@m‚`{‚m/*be{‚`n 
          iƒnƒCƒtƒ“‚‚«•¡‡Œê‚à‚`‚Æ‚Ý‚È‚·‚Æjˆê”Ê“I‚ÉA‚`‚ª‚`{‚m‚ÌŒ`‚Å‚Ý‚Æ‚ß 
‚ç‚ê‚È‚¢ê‡‚æ‚èAbe{‚`‚ÌŒ`‚Å”F‚ß‚ç‚ê‚È‚¢ê‡‚Ì•û‚ª‘½‚¢B‚µ‚½‚ª‚Á‚ÄA‚`{‚m‚Ì 
‚`‚Ì•û‚ª be{‚`‚Ì‚`‚æ‚èŒ`—eŽŒ‚Á‚Û‚³‚Ì’†Šj‚É‚ ‚éA‚ÆŒ¾‚¦‚悤B“–‘RAŠwK‰p•¶–@‚Å
‚Í‚`{‚m‚ÌŒ^‚ð‚æ‚è‘‚­A‚æ‚肽‚­‚³‚ñ‹³‚¦‚é‚ׂ«‚Å‚ ‚낤 
        1)a.  The main house was there.  iGivón,T. p.272j
          b. *The house was main.
        2)a.  The chief reason was ...
          b. *The reason was chief.
        3)a.  He was a total stranger.
          b. *The stranger was total.
        4)a.  the daily newspaper
          b. *The newspaper is daily.
        5)a.  a drunken driver    (ˆÀˆäA1994, p.621)
          b. *The driver was drunken.
          ‚½‚¾‚µAŽŸ‚̂悤‚È—á‚àB
        6)a. *He was a glad person.
          b.  The person was glad.

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